Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 4, Problem 4CONQ
Let’s suppose a recessive allele encodes a completely defective protein. If the functional allele is dominant, what does that tell you about the amount of the functional protein that is sufficient to cause the
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Overview of Transformation Protocol
-Prepare competent bacteria for transformation:
Treat starter E. coli bacteria with CaCl2and Competent Cell Solution (CCS). Store on ice until transformation procedure.
Competent cells are cells that are likely to take up foreign DNA and be transformed. This step increases the likelihood that the E. coli cells will take up the introduced vector and be transformed.
-Transformation procedure:
Obtain two microcentrifuge tubes containing your competent cells. Label one tube +DNA and one -DNA.
Add CaCl2 to both tubes.
Add the transformation mix containing the plasmid DNA to the tube labeled +DNA. Do not add any plasmid DNA to the -DNA tube.
Incubate both tubes on ice for 10 minutes. Then, place both tubes in a 42\deg C water bath for 45 seconds. Replace the tubes in an ice bucket for 2 minutes.
Add recovery broth to both tubes.
Incubate both tubes in a 37 C water bath for 5 minutes.
Questions:
1)What is the selectable marker in this experiment? How…
Based on your results, which suspect's DNA best matches the DNA found at the crime scene?
In oxidase test with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the cell cultures on the slide turn colorless to be
purple after tetra-methyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (TMPD) is added. In the
reaction,
OTMPD is electron acceptor
O cytochrome c is the electron source
oxygen is terminal electron acceptor
OH2 produced is electron donor
Chapter 4 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 4.1 - 1. Which of the following statements is true?
a....Ch. 4.2 - 1. Which of the following is not an example of a...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 4.2 - 3. Polydactyly is a condition in which a person...Ch. 4.3 - The outcome of an individuals traits is controlled...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 4.4 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 4.5 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 4.5 - Hemophilia is a blood-clotting disorder in humans...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 1COMQ
Ch. 4.7 - 1. The Manx phenotype in cats is caused by a...Ch. 4.8 - Which of the following is a possible explanation...Ch. 4.9 - 1. Two different strains of sweet peas are...Ch. 4.9 - If the F1 offspring from question 1 are allowed to...Ch. 4 - 1. Describe the differences among dominance,...Ch. 4 - Discuss the differences among sex-influenced,...Ch. 4 - 3. What is meant by a gene interaction? How can a...Ch. 4 - Lets suppose a recessive allele encodes a...Ch. 4 - 5. A nectarine is a peach without the fuzz. The...Ch. 4 - 6. An allele in Drosophila produces a star-eye...Ch. 4 - A seed dealer wants to sell four-oclock seeds that...Ch. 4 - 8. The blood serum from one individual (let’s call...Ch. 4 - 9. Which blood type phenotypes (A, B, AB, and/or...Ch. 4 - A woman with type B blood has a child with type O...Ch. 4 - A type A woman is the daughter of a type O father...Ch. 4 - In Shorthorn cattle, coat color is controlled by a...Ch. 4 - In chickens, the Leghorn variety has white...Ch. 4 - Propose the most likely mode of inheritance...Ch. 4 - 15. A human disease known as vitamin D-resistant...Ch. 4 - 16. Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive trait in...Ch. 4 - 17. Incontinentia pigmenti, a rare, X-linked...Ch. 4 - 18. Scurs in cattle is a sex-influenced trait. A...Ch. 4 - In rabbits, the color of body fat is controlled by...Ch. 4 - Prob. 20CONQCh. 4 - 21. The trait of feathering in fowls is a...Ch. 4 - Based on the pedigree shown here for a trait...Ch. 4 - 23. The pedigree shown here involves a trait...Ch. 4 - Lets suppose you have pedigree data from thousands...Ch. 4 - Prob. 25CONQCh. 4 - 26. In humans, a very rare dominant allele that...Ch. 4 - 27. A sex-influenced trait in humans affects the...Ch. 4 - Three coat-color patterns that occur in some...Ch. 4 - Prob. 1EQCh. 4 - 2. In chickens, some varieties have feathered...Ch. 4 - 3. In sheep, the formation of horns is a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4EQCh. 4 - In the clover butterfly, males are always yellow,...Ch. 4 - The Mic2 gene in humans is present on both the X...Ch. 4 - 7. Duroc Jersey pigs are typically red, but a...Ch. 4 - 8. As shown in Figure 4.17, coat color in rodents...Ch. 4 - 9. Summer squash exist in long, spherical, or disk...Ch. 4 - In a species of plant, two genes control flower...Ch. 4 - 11. Red eyes is the wild-type phenotype in...Ch. 4 - 12. As mentioned in Experimental Question E11, red...Ch. 4 - Lets suppose you were looking through a vial of...Ch. 4 - 14. When examining a human pedigree, what features...Ch. 4 - Lets suppose a gene exists as a functional...Ch. 4 - In oats, the color of the chaff is determined by a...
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- You will use the following scenario to answer a group of 5 questions. You have isolated a microbe from an environmental sample. The microbe has the ability to perform a new metabolic reaction at a very low temperature, so you are excited that it could be a new species. You have shipped your samples off for sequencing and are now waiting for the results. Out of curiosity (and maybe boredom...) you decide to test your culture for the Catalase and Oxidase enzymes. Upon testing your sample for catalase, you don't see any bubbles; however, you do see a color change to purple during the Oxidase test. What results can you conclude from this? O Catalase-/ Oxidase + O Catalase +/ Oxidase + Catalase + / Oxidase- O Catalase / Oxidase - O None of the abovearrow_forwardWhich of the following is not a strength of using 16S rRNA for phylogenetic analyses? OA. It's cheap OB. It's easy to do C. It can be used to identify all the way down to the strain level OD. Both A & B OE. None of the abovearrow_forwardWhy are molecular approaches important to the field of microbial taxonomy and phylogeny? Phylogenetic inferences based on molecular approaches provide the most robust analysis of microbial evolution currently available. It allows for the collection of a large and accurate dataset from many organisms Almost no fossil record was left by microbes when compared to plants and animals All of the above None of the abovearrow_forward
- You will use the following scenario to answer a group of 5 questions. You have isolated a microbe from an environmental sample. The microbe has the ability to perform a new metabolic reaction at a very low temperature, so you are excited that it could be a new species. You have already cultured it and gone through the plate isolation procedure. Before you ship your samples off for sequencing, you want to do one final check of the A260 ratios. You get back the following ratios: A260/280 ratio is 1.89; A260/230 is 2.01. These ratios are close enough to the accepted "pure" values so they could be considered "pure" and mostly (if not completely) free of contaminants from the PCR process. True Falsearrow_forwardYou will use the following scenario to answer a group of 5 questions. You have isolated a microbe from an environmental sample. The microbe has the ability to perform a new metabolic reaction at a very low temperature, so you are excited that it could be a new species. After receiving your sequence back from the sequencing lab, you feel that you have, in fact, discovered and isolated a new species. You ask a fellow labmate about how you should proceed, and he tells you the following is the proper way to introduce a new species for recognition: Cultures have to be sent to international culture collections. Then a paper must be published describing the new organism and providing a genus and species name. You recall learning about this in your Microbiology course in college. Is this information from your colleague true or false? True Falsearrow_forwardis often a good indication of phylogenetic relatedness in phenotypes. Life-cycle patterns Cleavage patterns O Gene expression O Morphological similarityarrow_forward
- Which of the following is a weakness of using 16S rRNA for phylogenetic analyses? It can only go down to the family and genus levels It takes months to complete O Both of the above O None of the abovearrow_forwardAn unrooted tree containing ten unrelated species can become rooted by adding a descendant group related to two of the species. an unrelated outgroup. O a distantly related outgroup. O a descendant related to only one of the species.arrow_forwardWhat is the most appropriate purpose of building a phylogenetic tree? They look awesome You can use a tree to compare morphological characteristics of organisms It can be used to establish and analyze evolutionary relationships between species All of the abovearrow_forward
- Which of the following sequencing techniques can identify down to the strain level? O Multilocus sequence typing Genomic fingerprinting Whole genome sequencing OSNP analysis All of the abovearrow_forwardWhat is the "gold standard" that is currently applied to species designations in microbiology? 97% between species: 50% among whole genome 90% between species: 75% among whole genome 99% between species; 97% among whole genome 97% between species: 70% among whole genome Onone of the abovearrow_forwardYou will use the following scenario to answer a group of 5 questions. You have isolated a microbe from an environmental sample. The microbe has the ability to perform a new metabolic reaction at a very low temperature, so you are excited that it could be a new species. You have decided to send your sample off for sequencing. You need to determine which type of sequencing to use for the preliminary identification of your species. You decide that, for now, you only need to be able to identify the family and genus levels. Which type of sequencing do you think is the most appropriate? O Genomic Fingerprinting O Whole Genome Sequencing O 16S rDNA Sequencing O DNA-DNA hybridization Nextarrow_forward
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