Chapter 4, Problem 4B.1ST

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

$\text{ΔT}/\text{Δp}$ for water at its normal boiling point has to be determined using the given information.

Concept introduction:

The significance of Clapeyron equation and of the Clausius-Clapyron equation are explained below,

The Clapeyron equation is exact and applies rigorously to all first order phase transitions. It shows how pressure and temperature vary with respect to each other that is temperature or pressure along the phase boundary line, and in that sense, it defines the phase boundary line.

Clausius-Clapyron equation,

$\text{ln}\frac{{\text{P}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{P}}_{\text{1}}}\text{=}\frac{{\text{ΔH}}_{\text{vap}}}{\text{R}}\left(\frac{\text{1}}{{\text{T}}_{\text{2}}}\text{-}\frac{\text{1}}{{\text{T}}_{\text{1}}}\right)\boxed{\begin{array}{l}\text{where,}\\ {\text{ΔH}}_{\text{vap}}:\text{Enthalpy}\text{of}\text{vaporization}\\ \text{R}:\text{Gas}\text{constant}\\ \text{P}:\text{Pressure}\\ \text{T}:\text{Temperature}\end{array}}$

The Clapeyron equation for vaporization close to the boiling temperature can be determined by the equation given below:

  $\text{Δp}\text{=}\frac{{\text{Δ}}_{\text{vap}}\text{H}}{{\text{T}}_{\text{b}}{\text{Δ}}_{\text{vap}}\text{V}}\text{×ΔT}$