Concept explainers
The SO2 present in air is mainly responsible for the acid rain phenomenon. Its concentration can be determined by titrating against a standard permanganate solution as follows:
Calculate the number of grams of SO2 in a sample of air if 7.37 mL of 0.00800 M KMnO4 solution are required for the titration.
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Chemistry
- Write balanced net ionic equations for the following reactions in acid solution. (a) Liquid hydrazine reacts with an aqueous solution of sodium bromate. Nitrogen gas and bromide ions are formed. (b) Solid phosphorus (P4) reacts with an aqueous solution of nitrate to form nitrogen oxide gas and dihydrogen phosphate (H2PO4-) ions. (c) Aqueous solutions of potassium sulfite and potassium permanganate react. Sulfate and manganese(II) ions are formed.arrow_forwardTriiodide ions are generated in solution by the following (unbalanced) reaction in acidic solution: IO3(aq) + I(aq) I3(aq) Triiodide ion concentration is determined by titration with a sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) solution. The products are iodide ion and tetrathionate ion (S4O6). a. Balance the equation for the reaction of IO3 with I ions. b. A sample of 0.6013 g of potassium iodate was dissolved in water. Hydrochloric acid and solid potassium iodide were then added. What is the minimum mass of solid KI and the minimum volume of 3.00 M HQ required to convert all of the IO3 ions to I ions? c. Write and balance the equation for the reaction of S2O32 with I3 in acidic solution. d. A 25.00-mL sample of a 0.0100 M solution of KIO. is reacted with an excess of KI. It requires 32.04 mL of Na2S2O3 solution to titrate the I3 ions present. What is the molarity of the Na2S2O3 solution? e. How would you prepare 500.0 mL of the KIO3 solution in part d using solid KIO3?arrow_forwardThe amount of oxygen, O2, dissolved in a water sample at 25 C can be determined by titration. The first step is to add solutions of MnSO4 and NaOH to the water to convert the dissolved oxygen to MnO2. A solution of H2SO4 and KI is then added to convert the MnO2 to Mn2+, and the iodide ion is converted to I2. The I2 is then titrated with standardized Na2S2O3. (a) Balance the equation for the reaction of Mn2+ ions with O2 in basic solution. (b) Balance the equation for the reaction of MnO2 with I in acid solution. (c) Balance the equation for the reaction of S2O32 with I2. (d) Calculate the amount of O2 in 25.0 mL of water if the titration requires 2.45 mL of 0.0112 M Na2S2O3 solution.arrow_forward
- Describe in words how you would prepare pure crystalline AgCl and NaNO3 from solid AgNO3 and solid NaCl.arrow_forward2. Equal amounts (moles) of acetic acid(aq) and sodium sulfite, Na2SO3(aq), are mixed. The resulting solution is acidic basic neutralarrow_forwardDraw the flow diagram for a calculation that illustrates how to use a titration to determine the concentration of a solution of HNO3, by reaction with 1.00 g Na2CO3.arrow_forward
- According to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), waste material is classified as toxic and must be handled as hazardous if the lead concentration exceeds 5 mg/L. By adding chloride ion, the lead ion will precipitate as PbCl2, which can be separated from the liquid portion. Once the lead has been removed, the rest of the waste can be sent to a conventional waste treatment facility. How many grams of sodium chloride must be added to 500 L of a waste solution to reduce the concentration of the Pb2+ ion from 10 to 5 mg/L?arrow_forwardIn order to determine the purity of ammonium sulfate, a sample with a mass of 0.850 g is dissolved in KOH. The equation for the reaction that takes place is NH4+(aq)+OH(aq)NH3(aq)+H2OThe ammonia liberated is distilled into a flask that contains 50.00 mL of 0.250 M HCI. Not all the HCI is consumed. The excess HCI reacts with 17.3 mL of 0.120 M NaOH. What is the mass percent of (NH4)2SO4 in the sample?arrow_forwardThe iron content of hemoglobin is determined by destroying the hemoglobin molecule and producing small water-soluble ions and molecules. The iron in the aqueous solution is reduced to iron(II) ion and then titrated against potassium permanganate. In the titration, iron(ll) is oxidized to iron(III) and permanganate is reduced to manganese(II) ion. A 5.00-g sample of hemoglobin requires 32.3 mL of a 0.002100 M solution of potassium permanganate. The reaction with permanganate ion is MnO4(aq)+8H+(aq)+5Fe2+(aq)Mn2+(aq)+5Fe3+(aq)+4H2O What is the mass percent of iron in hemoglobin?arrow_forward
- An aqueous sample is known to contain either Mg2+ or Ba2+ ions. Treatment of the sample with Na2CO3 produces a precipitate, but treatment with ammonium sulfate does not. Use the solubility rules (see Table 4.1) to determine which cation is present.arrow_forwardCalcium in blood or urine can be determined by precipitation as calcium oxalate, CaC2O4. The precipitate is dissolved in strong acid and titrated with potassium permanganate. The equation for reaction is 2MnO4(aq)+6H+(aq)+5H2C2O4(aq)2Mn2+(aq)+10CO2(g)+8H2O A 24-hour urine sample is collected from an adult patient, reduced to a small volume, and titrated with 26.2 mL of 0.0946 M KMnO4. How many grams of calcium oxalate are in the sample? Normal range for Ca2+ output for an adult is 100 to 300 mg per 24 hour. Is the sample within the normal range?arrow_forwardThe blood alcohol (C2H5OH) level can be determined by titrating a sample of blood plasma with an acidic potassium di-chromate solution, resulting in the production of Cr3+ (aq) and carbon dioxide. The reaction can be monitored because the dichromate ion (Cr2O72) is orange in solution, and the Cr3+ ion is green. The balanced equations is 16H+(aq) + 2Cr2O72(aq) + C2H5OH(aq) 4Cr4+(aq) + 2CO2(g) + 11H2O(l) This reaction is an oxidationreduction reaction. What species is reduced, and what species is oxidized? How many electrons are transferred in the balanced equation above?arrow_forward
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