Physical Chemistry
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781285969770
Author: Ball
Publisher: Cengage
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Chapter 4, Problem 4.74E
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Using the conditions of spontaneity to deduce the signs of AH and AS
Use the observations about each chemical reaction in the table below to decide the sign (positive or negative) of the reaction enthalpy AH and reaction entropy
AS.
Note: if you have not been given enough information to decide a sign, select the "unknown" option.
reaction
observations
conclusions
A
This reaction is always spontaneous, but
proceeds slower at temperatures above
120. °C.
ΔΗ is
(pick one)
AS is
(pick one)
ΔΗ is
(pick one)
B
This reaction is spontaneous except above
117. °C.
AS is
(pick one)
ΔΗ is
(pick one)
This reaction is slower below 20. °C than
C
above.
AS is
|(pick one)
?
18
Ar
1
Calculating the pH at equivalence of a titration
Try Again
Your answer is incorrect.
0/5
a
A chemist titrates 70.0 mL of a 0.7089 M hydrocyanic acid (HCN) solution with 0.4574M KOH solution at 25 °C. Calculate the pH at equivalence. The pK of
hydrocyanic acid is 9.21.
Round your answer to 2 decimal places.
Note for advanced students: you may assume the total volume of the solution equals the initial volume plus the volume of KOH solution added.
pH
=
11.43]
G
00.
18
Ar
B•
Chapter 4 Solutions
Physical Chemistry
Ch. 4 - List the sets of conditions that allow dS, dU, and...Ch. 4 - Explain why conditions for using S>0 as a strict...Ch. 4 - Explain how the equation dU+pdVTdS0 is consistent...Ch. 4 - Explain why the spontaneity conditions given in...Ch. 4 - Prove that the adiabatic free expansion of an...Ch. 4 - Derive equation 4.6 from equation 4.5.Ch. 4 - Derive equation 4.8 from equation 4.7.Ch. 4 - The third part of equation 4.9 mentions a...Ch. 4 - Calculate A for a process in which 0.160mole of an...Ch. 4 - What is the maximum amount of non-pV work that can...
Ch. 4 - Consider a piston whose compression ratio is 10:1;...Ch. 4 - When one dives, water pressure increases by 1atm...Ch. 4 - Calculate G(25C) for this chemical reaction, which...Ch. 4 - Thermodynamic properties can also be determined...Ch. 4 - Calculate G in two different ways for the...Ch. 4 - Calculate G in two different ways for the...Ch. 4 - For the reaction C(graphite)C(diamond) at 25C,...Ch. 4 - Determine G for the following reaction at 0C and...Ch. 4 - What is the maximum amount of electrical that is,...Ch. 4 - When a person performs work, it is non-pV work....Ch. 4 - Can non-pV work be obtained from a process for...Ch. 4 - Can pV work be obtained from a process for which...Ch. 4 - Batteries are chemical systems that can be used to...Ch. 4 - The value of G for any phase change at constant p...Ch. 4 - The value of G for any phase change at constant p...Ch. 4 - Under what conditions is A=0 for a phase change?...Ch. 4 - Example 4.2 calculated A for one step of a Carnot...Ch. 4 - Can CV and Cp be easily defined using the natural...Ch. 4 - Analogous to equation 4.26, what is the expression...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.30ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.31ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.32ECh. 4 - Although ideally, U=H=0 for a gas-phase process at...Ch. 4 - Use equations 4.21 and 4.25 to explain why H and G...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.35ECh. 4 - Which of the following functions are exact...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.37ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.38ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.39ECh. 4 - Equation 4.19 says that (UV)S=p If we are...Ch. 4 - For an isentropic process, what is the approximate...Ch. 4 - Use the ideal gas law to demonstrate the cyclic...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.43ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.44ECh. 4 - Evaluate (U/V)T for an ideal gas. Use the...Ch. 4 - Evaluate (U/V)T for a van der Waals gas. Use the...Ch. 4 - Repeat the previous exercise for a gas that...Ch. 4 - Determine an expression for (p/S)T for an ideal...Ch. 4 - Determine the value of the derivative {[(G)]/T}p...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.50ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.51ECh. 4 - A 0.988-mole sample of argon expands from 25.0L to...Ch. 4 - A 3.66-mol sample of He contracts from 15.5L to...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.54ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.55ECh. 4 - Use the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation to demonstrate...Ch. 4 - For the equation 2H2(g)+O2(g)2H2O(g)...Ch. 4 - Use equation 4.46 as an example and find an...Ch. 4 - What is the value of G when 1.00mol of water at...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.60ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.61ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.62ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.63ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.64ECh. 4 - What is the change in the chemical potential of a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.66ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.67ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.68ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.69ECh. 4 - Can equation 4.62 be used to calculate for an...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.71ECh. 4 - Of helium and oxygen gases, which one do you...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.73ECh. 4 - Use equation 4.39 to determine a numerical value...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.75ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.76E
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- Using the conditions of spontaneity to deduce the signs of AH and AS Use the observations about each chemical reaction in the table below to decide the sign (positive or negative) of the reaction enthalpy AH and reaction entropy AS. Note: if you have not been given enough information to decide a sign, select the "unknown" option. reaction observations conclusions A The reverse of this reaction is always spontaneous but proceeds faster at temperatures above -48. °C. ΔΗ is (pick one) ✓ AS is (pick one) B This reaction is spontaneous except below 114. °C but proceeds at a slower rate below 135. °C. ΔΗ is (pick one) AS is (pick one) ΔΗ is C This reaction is exothermic and proceeds faster at temperatures above -43. °C. (pick one) AS is (pick one) v Х 5 ? 18 Ararrow_forwardion. A student proposes the following Lewis structure for the perchlorate (CIO) io : :0: : Cl : - - : :0: ك Assign a formal charge to each atom in the student's Lewis structure. atom central O formal charge ☐ top O ☐ right O ☐ bottom O ☐ Cl ☐arrow_forwardDecide whether these proposed Lewis structures are reasonable. proposed Lewis structure Yes. Is the proposed Lewis structure reasonable? Cl- : 2: :Z: :Z: N—N : 0: C C1: O CO No, it has the wrong number of valence electrons. The correct number is: ☐ No, it has the right number of valence electrons but doesn't satisfy the octet rule. The symbols of the problem atoms are:* ☐ Yes. No, it has the wrong number of valence electrons. The correct number is: ☐ No, it has the right number of valence electrons but doesn't satisfy the octet rule. The symbols of the problem atoms are:* | Yes. No, it has the wrong number of valence electrons. The correct number is: No, it has the right number of valence electrons but doesn't satisfy the octet rule. The symbols of the problem atoms are:* | If two or more atoms of the same element don't satisfy the octet rule, just enter the chemical symbol as many times as necessary. For example, if two oxygen atoms don't satisfy the octet rule, enter "0,0". ☑arrow_forward
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