Chapter 4, Problem 4.6P

Orthonitroanaline (an important intermediate in dyes—called fast orange) is formed from the reaction of orthonitrochlorobenzene (ONCB) and aqueous ammonia (see explosion in Figure E13-2.1 in Example 13-2).

The liquid-phase reaction is first order in both ONCB and ammonia with k = 0.0017 m³/kmol · min at 188°C with E = 11,273 cal/mol. The initial entering concentrations of ONCB and ammonia are 1.8 kmol/m³ and 6.6 kmol/m³, respectively (more on this reaction in Chapter 13).

1. (a) Set up a stoichiometric table for this reaction for a flow system.
2. (b) Write the rate law for the rate of disappearance of ONCB in terms of concentration.
3. (c) Explain how parts (a) and (b) would be different for a batch system.
4. (d) Write −r_A solely as a function of conversion.
5. (e) What is the initial rate of reaction (X = 0)

−r_A = ______

at 188°C? −r_A = ______

at 25°C? −r_A = ______

at 288°C? −r_A = ______

1. (f) What is the rate of reaction when X = 0.90

at 188°C? −r_A = ______

at 25°C? −r_A = ______

at 288°C? −r_A = ______

1. (g) What would be the corresponding CSTR reactor volume at 25°C to achieve 90% conversion and at 288°C for a feed rate of 2 dm³/min

at 25°C? V = ______

at 288°C? V = ______