Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The most stable chair conformation of the given molecule is to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
The stability of chair conformation of the six member ring having heteroatom is the same as the cyclohexane ring. The presence of heteroatom in the ring is at any place which is similar to carbon.
The most stable chair confirmation of disubstituted cyclohexane is the one in which the substituents experience the least amount of strain. This is when the larger substituent occupies an equatorial position. In disubstituted cyclohexane, the substituents which are on the same side are cis to each other whereas substituents which are on the opposite side of the ring are trans to each other. If there is more than one substituent attached, the conformation in which maximum substituents are in equatorial position is favored and is more stable. Substituents that are trans to each other in one chair conformation remains trans after the chair flip.
(b)
Interpretation:
The most stable conformation of the given molecule is to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
The stability of chair conformation of the six member ring having heteroatom is the same as that of the cyclohexane ring. The presence of heteroatom in the ring, which is at any place, is similar to carbon.
The most stable chair conformation of disubstituted cyclohexane is the one in which the substituents experience the least amount of strain. This is when the larger substituent occupies an equatorial position. In disubstituted cyclohexane, the substituents which are on the same side are cis to each other whereas substituents which are on the opposite side of the ring are trans to each other. If there is more than one substituent attached, then the conformation in which maximum substituents are in equatorial position is favored and is more stable. Substituents that are trans to each other in one chair conformation remains trans after the chair flip.
(c)
Interpretation:
The most stable conformation of the given molecule is to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
The stability of chair conformation of the six member ring having heteroatom is the same as the cyclohexane ring. The presence of heteroatom in the ring is at any place which is similar to carbon.
The most stable chair conformation of disubstituted cyclohexane is the one in which the substituents experience the least amount of strain. This is when the larger substituent occupies an equatorial position. In disubstituted cyclohexane, the substituents which are on the same side are cis to each other whereas substituents which are on the opposite side of the ring are trans to each other. If there is more than one substituent attached, then the conformation in which maximum substituents are in equatorial position is favored and is more stable. Substituents that are trans to each other in one chair conformation remains trans after the chair flip.

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Chapter 4 Solutions
Organic Chemistry: Principles And Mechanisms
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- What does the phrase 'fit for purpose' mean in relation to analytical chemistry? Please provide examples too.arrow_forwardFor each of the substituted benzene molecules below, determine the inductive and resonance effects the substituent will have on the benzene ring, as well as the overall electron-density of the ring compared to unsubstituted benzene. Molecule Inductive Effects Resonance Effects Overall Electron-Density × NO2 ○ donating O donating O withdrawing O withdrawing O electron-rich electron-deficient no inductive effects O no resonance effects O similar to benzene E [ CI O donating withdrawing O no inductive effects Explanation Check ○ donating withdrawing no resonance effects electron-rich electron-deficient O similar to benzene © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center Accesarrow_forwardUnderstanding how substituents activate Rank each of the following substituted benzene molecules in order of which will react fastest (1) to slowest (4) by electrophilic aromatic substitution. Explanation HN NH2 Check X (Choose one) (Choose one) (Choose one) (Choose one) © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center Aarrow_forward
- Identifying electron-donating and electron-withdrawing effects on benzene For each of the substituted benzene molecules below, determine the inductive and resonance effects the substituent will have on the benzene ring, as well as the overall electron-density of the ring compared to unsubstituted benzene. Inductive Effects Resonance Effects Overall Electron-Density Molecule CF3 O donating O donating O withdrawing O withdrawing O no inductive effects O no resonance effects electron-rich electron-deficient O similar to benzene CH3 O donating O withdrawing O no inductive effects O donating O withdrawing Ono resonance effects O electron-rich O electron-deficient O similar to benzene Explanation Check Х © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Centerarrow_forward* Hint: Think back to Chem 1 solubility rules. Follow Up Questions for Part B 12. What impact do the following disturbances to a system at equilibrium have on k, the rate constant for the forward reaction? Explain. (4 pts) a) Changing the concentration of a reactant or product. (2 pts) b) Changing the temperature of an exothermic reaction. (2 pts) ofarrow_forwardDraw TWO general chemical equation to prepare Symmetrical and non-Symmetrical ethers Draw 1 chemical reaction of an etherarrow_forward
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