The Science and Engineering of Materials (MindTap Course List)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781305076761
Author: Donald R. Askeland, Wendelin J. Wright
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 4, Problem 4.65P
To determine
The way strain hardening, alloying and grain size strengthening increase material strength, the common between these all three
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For the isothermal time-temperature-transformation diagram provided (next page) for an Fe-C steel, answer the following (show any work on the diagram):a. based on the phases depicted, what is the average composition for the Fe-C alloy depicted (be specific). Explain your answer. (Note: you do have the Fe-C phase diagram in your notes and in the text for reference.)b. in an isothermal heat-treatment of a pure austenite structure at 300 C, how long will it take for austenite to be completely converted to bainite after bainite first begins to form?c. A standard size, automobile engine block and a 1 mm diameter rod of the same steel composition are taken from a heat-treatment furnace and immersed in a water bath at the same temperature. Do you expect that the microstructure of both pieces will be the same or different? Justify your answer.d. note that the time required to initiate the transformation of the austenite phase tends to decrease as the isothermal treatment temperature is reduced…
Some alloys use a combination of strain hardening and precipitation hardening to achieve particularly high strength levels. The usual order of strengthening is solution treatment, quenching, cold working, and finally precipitation heat treatment. Why not reverse the order of the cold working and precipitation heat treatment steps?
Chapter 4 Solutions
The Science and Engineering of Materials (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 4 - Gold has 5.82108vacancies/cm3 at equilibrium at...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.2PCh. 4 - Calculate the number of vacancies per cm3 expected...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.4PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.5PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.6PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.7PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.8PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.9PCh. 4 - Au and Ag form a substitutional solid solution....
Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.11PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.12PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.13PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.14PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.15PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.16PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.17PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.18PCh. 4 - Write down the defect chemistry equation for...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.20PCh. 4 - What is the Burger’s vector orientation...Ch. 4 - What is slip system and what role does it play in...Ch. 4 - Draw a Burgers circuit around the dislocation...Ch. 4 - What are the Miller indices of the slip...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.25PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.26PCh. 4 - Calculate the length of the Burgers vector in the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.28PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.29PCh. 4 - The crystal shown in Figure 4-19 contains two...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.31PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.32PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.33PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.34PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.35PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.36PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.37PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.38PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.39PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.40PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.41PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.42PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.43PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.44PCh. 4 - Why is it that single crystal and polycryst alline...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.46PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.47PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.48PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.49PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.50PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.51PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.52PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.53PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.54PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.55PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.56PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.57PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.58PCh. 4 - Determine the ASTM grain size number for the...Ch. 4 - Certain ceramics with special dielectric...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.61PCh. 4 - Calculate the angle of a smalla ngle grain...Ch. 4 - For BCC iron, calculate the average distance...Ch. 4 - Every time we alloy a metal, it gets stronger. Is...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.65PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.66PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.67PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.68PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.69PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.70PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.71PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.72PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.73PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.74PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.75DPCh. 4 - You would like a metal plate with good...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.77DPCh. 4 - Temperature dependence of vacancy conc enlralwns....Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.79CPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.80CPCh. 4 - Describe the problems associated with metal...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.2KP
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, mechanical-engineering and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- In the present figure: compare between the alloy number 1 (0.4% C) and 2 (1.2% C) regarding: A. The expected mechanical properties of the two alloys (with explanation). B. The range of applications for these alloys. C. The stages of annealing treatments including: 1) Softening 2) Spheroidizing 3) Grain Size Reducing.. Subject: Metallurgyarrow_forward(a) Show a typical sketch and explain the change of following mechanical properties with composition for a isomorphous alloy: () strength and (i) ductility. (b) Explain any two mechanisms of strengthening in metals.arrow_forward3. Mechanisms for Strengtheninga. What purposes do strengthening mechanisms serve?b. Describe each of the following mechanisms of strengthening:1. Strengthening of Solid Solutions2. Strain Hardening 3 . Strengthening of the grain size4. Age Hardening c. Based on your response in item b, what strengthening process do you believe is responsible for steel's durability? Why?arrow_forward
- Copper-rich copper-beryllium alloys are precipitation hardenable. After consulting the portion of the phase diagram shown in Figure below, do the following: Composition (at% Be) 10 15 20 Liquid 1000 866°C 800 -620°C 600 a+ 400 2 3. (Cu) Composition (wt% Bo) (1) Indicate the range of compositions over which these alloys be precipitation hardened. (ii) Describe the heat-treatment procedures (in terms of temperatures) that would be used to precipitation harden an alloy having a composition of your choosing but lying within the range given for part (i). Temperature ("Oarrow_forwardCite the phases that are present and the phase compositions for the following alloys: 85 wt% Ag–15 wt% Cu at 800°Carrow_forwardQ6/ A. Show how the precipitation heat treatment of precipitation hardenable alloys differs from dispersion hardening process of composite material. B. What are the main constitutes of composite materials and what are the roles of each constitute?arrow_forward
- Bainite phase and pearlite phase have different mechanical properties due to its structure differences. Discuss the hardness and tensile strength of these 2 phases using isothermal transformation temperature diagram.arrow_forwardOf the following alloys, pick the one(s) thatmay be strengthened by heat treatment,cold work, or both: R50250 titanium, AZ31Bmagnesium, 6061 aluminum, C51000 phos-phor bronze, lead, 6150 steel, 304 stainlesssteel, and C17200 beryllium copper.arrow_forward(a) Briefly describe at least five methods to increase the strength of materials. (b) What are the metallurgical/processing techniques employed to enhance the creep resistance of metal alloys? (c) Cite three variables that determine the microstructure of an alloy. (d) What are the most common types of crystal defects and how do they affect properties? (e) Briefly describe the phenomenon of coring and why it occurs.arrow_forward
- Using the isothermal transformation diagram for an iron-carbon alloy of eutectoid composition, sketch (mark the microconstituents, eg. a-Fe, Fe,C) and specify the name of the final microstructure (e.g. austenite, pearlite, bainite etc.) of a small specimen that has been subjected to the following time-temperature treatment. In each case assume that the specimen begins at 760 Cand that is has been held at this temperature long enough to have achieved a complete and homogeneous austenite structure. 800 -Eutectoid temperature 1400 700 1200 600 1000 500 800 400 300 600 Mistart) 200 50% 400 ME50%) M90%) 100 200 10 10 10 10 10 10 Time ( eoha ileySons, lnc. Al righta reserved (a) Cool rapidly to 350 S, hold for 10' s, then quench to room temperature (b) Cool rapidly to 665 S, hold for 10's, then quench to room temperature (c) Cool rapidly to 150gin 5 seconds, then cool to room temperature (d) Cool rapidly to 300gin 1 second, then cool to room temperature in 10s (3J anjedueI Temperature F)arrow_forward1. Why does the tensile strength of steel, which contains only austenite at room temperature, differ fromsteel that shows only pearlite in its microstructure? Give two important reasons for the difference. 2. What general prerequ_isites exist for the formation of martensite in steel? 3. What is an isothermal transformation of a material in the solid state condition? 4. Draw a typical isothermal transformation diagram for plain .carbon eutectoid steel and indicate thevarious decomposition products expected by simple diagrammatic drawing.arrow_forwardAccording to Reference [1], alloys of nickel (Ni) and tungsten (W) are can form substitutional solid solutions up to approximately 11 at% W. Consider two different alloy compositions: Ni-5W (5 at% W) and Ni-10.5W (10.5 at% W). A. Which composition should be more ductile? B. Which composition should be stronger? C. Using the oy~ C¹/2 relationship from the lecture slides, how many times larger should the yield strength be for Ni-10.5W compared to Ni-5W? D. Where should the tungsten atoms sit relative to the dislocation on or opposite the side with the extra half-plane? You will need information from Appendixes of the textbook.arrow_forward
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