Chapter 4, Problem 4.155P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The balanced equation for the reaction is to be written. Also, the reducing and oxidizing agent is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

A redox reaction is a type of reaction that involves the change in oxidation number of a molecule, atom or ion changes due to the transfer of an electron from one species to another.

An oxidizing agent is a substance that oxidizes another species and itself gets reduced in a chemical reaction. A reducing agent is the one that reduces another species and itself gets oxidized in a chemical reaction.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The total mole of gas produced when $50.0\text{ kg}$ of ammonium perchlorate reacts with a stoichiometric amount of Al is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The expression to calculate the moles of solute when given mass and molecular mass of compound are given is as follows:

  $\text{Moles of compound}\left(\text{mol}\right)=\left[\begin{array}{c}\text{given mass}\text{of compound}\left(\text{g}\right)\\ \left(\frac{\text{1mole}\text{of compound}\left(\text{mol}\right)}{\text{molecular mass of compound}\left(\text{g}\right)}\right)\end{array}\right]$

Stoichiometry of a reaction is utilized to determine the amount of any species in the reaction by the relationship between the reactants and products.

Consider the general reaction,

$\text{A}+2\text{B}\to 3\text{C}$

One mole of $\text{A}$ reacts with two moles of $\text{B}$ to produce three moles of $\text{C}$. The stoichiometric ratio between A and B is 1:2, the stoichiometric ratio between A and C is 1:3 and the stoichiometric ratio between B and C is 2:3.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The change in volume from the reaction is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Density is defined as mass per unit volume. Mass and volume are physical quantities and the units of mass and volume are fundamental units. Density is the ratio of mass to the volume. The unit of volume is derived from the units of mass and volume. The SI unit of density is ${\text{kg/m}}^{\text{3}}$. The formula to calculate density is,

  $\text{Density}=\frac{\text{Mass}}{\text{Volume}}$        (7)

Stoichiometry of a reaction is utilized to determine the amount of any species in the reaction by the relationship between the reactants and products.

Consider the general reaction,

  $\text{A}+2\text{B}\to 3\text{C}$

One mole of $\text{A}$ reacts with two moles of $\text{B}$ to produce three moles of $\text{C}$. The stoichiometric ratio between A and B is 1:2, the stoichiometric ratio between A and C is 1:3 and the stoichiometric ratio between B and C is 2:3.

The conversion factor to convert $\text{mL}$ to $\text{cc}$ is as follows:

  $1\text{mL}=\text{1}\text{cc}$