a
Case summary:V and M have asserted that they are paying too much tax, it is determined that they are paying $19,330 tax, it can be seen that they can opt for available tax shield investments to reduce their tax liability in the next year.
Characters in the case : V and M.
Adequate information:V and M has a tax liability of $20,000, seems to be paying too much tax, they are working on reducing their tax liability. To assess their tax liability has been determined after considering itemized deductions. It is required to choose five additional strategies that might reduce next year’s tax liability.
To determine: The income tax liability for this year as joint return of V and M
Introduction:
Income tax: taxes are charged by a government on its citizens and their property. In U.S. the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) responsible for collecting federal income taxes as per legal provisions in the Internal Revenue Code .
Taxes can be classified as progressive and regressive. The federal personal income tax is a progressive tax of the gradual increase in the tax rate as income increases. A regressive tax operates in opposite way. Under this tax rate is same on all income levels, with result that lower income people pay proportionally more taxes. Example for regressive tax is state sales tax.
b
Case summary:V and M have asserted that they are paying too much tax, it is determined that they are paying $19,330 tax, it can be seen that they can opt for available tax shield investments to reduce their tax liability in the next year.
Characters in the case : V and M.
Adequate information:V and M has a tax liability of $20,000, seems to be paying too much tax, they are working on reducing their tax liability. To assess their tax liability has been determined after considering itemized deductions. It is required to choose five additional strategies that might reduce next year’s tax liability.
To determine: five additional strategies that V and M might consider for tax planning to reduce tax next year.
Introduction:
Income tax: taxes are charged by a government on its citizens and their property. In U.S. the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) responsible for collecting federal income taxes as per legal provisions in the Internal Revenue Code .
Taxes can be classified as progressive and regressive. The federal personal income tax is a progressive tax of the gradual increase in the tax rate as income increases. A regressive tax operates in opposite way. Under this tax rate is same on all income levels, with result that lower income people pay proportionally more taxes. Example for regressive tax is state sales tax.

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Chapter 4 Solutions
MindTap for Garman/Forgue's Personal Finance Tax Update, 13th Edition [Instant Access], 1 term
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- Individual Income TaxesAccountingISBN:9780357109731Author:HoffmanPublisher:CENGAGE LEARNING - CONSIGNMENT
