DeGarmo's Materials and Processes in Manufacturing
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781118987674
Author: J. T. Black, Ronald A. Kohser
Publisher: WILEY
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Chapter 4, Problem 24RQ
To determine
Feature of eutectic composition that is attractive for brazing and soldering.
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What is the critical value of G for the directional solidification of two Al-Cu
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For these alloys, k=0.14, m=-2.6°C/wt% and D=3x10-5cm²/s.
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Translate the given information in your words, figures given below.
Time-temperature cooling curve for the solidification of a small crucible of 50 percent antimony, 50% bismuth alloy.
Chapter 4 Solutions
DeGarmo's Materials and Processes in Manufacturing
Ch. 4 - What kind of questions can be answered by...Ch. 4 - Prob. 2RQCh. 4 - Supplement the examples provided in the text with...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4RQCh. 4 - What three primary variables are generally...Ch. 4 - Use the pressure–temperature diagram for water...Ch. 4 - Prob. 7RQCh. 4 - What form of equilibrium phase diagram is most...Ch. 4 - What is a cooling curve?Ch. 4 - Prob. 10RQ
Ch. 4 - Prob. 11RQCh. 4 - Prob. 12RQCh. 4 - Prob. 13RQCh. 4 - What types of changes occur upon cooling through a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 15RQCh. 4 - What is a tie�line? For what types of phase...Ch. 4 - What points on a tie�line are used to determine...Ch. 4 - Prob. 18RQCh. 4 - What is a cored structure? Under what conditions...Ch. 4 - What is the difference between a cored structure...Ch. 4 - Prob. 21RQCh. 4 - Prob. 22RQCh. 4 - Prob. 23RQCh. 4 - Prob. 24RQCh. 4 - For the various three�phase reactions, what does...Ch. 4 - Prob. 26RQCh. 4 - Prob. 27RQCh. 4 - Prob. 28RQCh. 4 - Prob. 29RQCh. 4 - Prob. 30RQCh. 4 - Prob. 31RQCh. 4 - Prob. 32RQCh. 4 - Prob. 33RQCh. 4 - Prob. 34RQCh. 4 - Prob. 35RQCh. 4 - Prob. 36RQCh. 4 - Prob. 37RQCh. 4 - What is carbon equivalent, and how is it computed?Ch. 4 - Prob. 39RQCh. 4 - Prob. 40RQCh. 4 - Prob. 1PCh. 4 - Prob. 2PCh. 4 - Prob. 3PCh. 4 - Consider the manufacture of a fishhook beginning...Ch. 4 - If a stainless steel were to be used, what type of...Ch. 4 - A wide spectrum of coatings and surface treatments...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4CS
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- What is a eutectic composition?arrow_forwardQuestion-6. For solidification of a piece of FCC-metal at 860 °C. The melting point of the metal is 1260 °C. The latent heat of fusion and surface free energy are -2.16 x108 J/m³ and 0.126 J/m², respectively. If nucleation is homogeneous, answer the following questions: (a) Compute the critical radius r* in nm (b) Compute the activation free energy AG* in J (c) If the lattice parameter is 0.26 nm at the melting temperature, compute the number of atoms found in a nucleus of critical size (d) Compute the critical radius at the supercooling degree of 260 K.arrow_forward9-10 Using Equation 9-2, demonstrate that interfacial energy (σ) has units of J/m² in SI. 9-11 Calculate the total interfacial surface energy for 1016 spheres of copper, each with the critical radius r*. 9-12 Of the ferrous elements, which has the lowest undercooling required for homogeneous nucleation? Does this have any practical significance? 9-13 If the total change in free energy of a mol- ten metal is 5.34 x 10-17 J upon forma- tion of the first stable solid and the free energy per unit volume is -17.7 J/cm³, approximate the radius of the first stable spherical solid. The surface free energy of the solid-liquid interface is 100 x 10-7 J/cm². 9-14 Using the densities in Appendix A, convert the heats of fusion in Table 9-1 from units of J/cm³ to kJ/kg. 9-15 Assume that instead of a spherical nucleus, we have a nucleus in the form of a cube of length x. Calculate the critical dimension x* of the cube necessary for nucleation. Write an equation similar to Equation 9-1 for a cubical…arrow_forward
- 1 Plastic Deformation Occurs Through Dislocation Motion... ...so in order to make a material stronger, we should prevent dislocations from moving. For each of the following alloys, identify the strengthening mechanism and explain how it impedes dislocation motion: A. An aluminum alloy "inoculated" with TiB2 during solidification, producing a large number of small grains. B. Monel, a corrosion-resistant solid solution of Ni and Cu. C. An aluminum-lithium aerospace alloy containing precipitates of Al3Li. D. Wrought iron, which is often worked into complex shapes such as railings or furniture.arrow_forward3) The dihedral wetting angle between solid- liquid interface with lowest solidification cracking tendency under identical welding conditions is 0° O45° 60° 90°arrow_forwardWhat is a complementary solutin?arrow_forward
- Question: A 50 wt% Ni–50 wt% Cu alloy is slowly cooled from 1400°C (2550°F) to 1200°C (2190°F). (a) At what temperature does the liquid solidify? (b) What is the composition of this last remaining liquid phase?arrow_forwardPlease do it as early as possible. Name the microstructural products of a eutectoid iron-carbon alloy (0.76 wt% C ) that is first completely transformed to austenite and then cooled to room temperature at a rate of 1000 °C/sarrow_forward1 a) Briefly describe the phenomenon of coring (also known as segregation) that occurs during solidification in isomorphous alloys and why it occurs? b) Cite one undesirable consequence of coring?arrow_forward
- Is this a austenite microstructure if so how can you tellarrow_forwardWhat is the critical value of G to avoid constitutional supercooling for the directional solidification of an Al-Cu alloy, containing 3 wt.% copper, at a rate of 0.05 mm/s? For these alloys, k = 0.14, m = -2.6oC/wt% and D = 3x10-5 cm 2 /s. Here G is the thermal gradient into the liquid phase, k is the partition coefficient of the alloy, and D is the diffusivity of solute in the liquid phase.arrow_forwardFor the solidification of nickel, calculate the critical radius r* and the activation energy ΔG* if nucleation is homogeneous. Values for the latent heat of fusion and surface free energy are -2.53×109 J/m3 and 0.255 J/m2, respectively. The supercooling value ΔT for the homogeneous nucleation of Ni is 319 oC. The melting point for Ni is 1455 oC.arrow_forward
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