Fundamentals Of Construction Estimating
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781337399395
Author: Pratt, David J.
Publisher: Cengage,
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Chapter 4, Problem 1RQ
To determine
The difference in measuring the excavation and the measurement of other trade work.
Expert Solution & Answer
Explanation of Solution
Measurement of the excavation work is different from many of the trade works because of the following reasons:
- The bid drawings do not offer the proper specifications of the site work operations. The drawings only provide the details regarding the new construction of the project and not the current status of the site.
- The most important point is that the dimensions of the foundations are well defined in the drawing but absolutely nothing is disclosed regarding the dimensions of the excavation work.
- It is advised in the "Instruction to Bidders" that the contractors should be knowledgeable about the present situation of the site.
- The estimator must make an assessment report of the excavation, from data in specifications and drawings; from site visit information, etc. The estimator is advised to make a checklist of the items to be considered on a site visit as the site conditions would influence the pricing of many things in the estimate.
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The figures below shows the framing plan and section of a reinforced concrete floor system.
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C
D
At a point on the surface of a generator shaft the stresses are σx = -55MPa, σy =
25MPa and Txy = -20MPa as shown in Figure Q1.
(a) Using either analytical method or Mohr's circle determine the following:
Stresses acting on an element inclined at an angle 0 = 35°,
i.
ii.
iii.
The maximum shear stress
The principal stresses and
B.
25 MPa
A
55 MPa
20 MPa
Figure 1:Material stress state
(b) Consider that the Young's modulus for the material, E = 200kPa and
Poisson's ratio, v = 0.25.
i.
ii.
determine associate strains for the material with the stress as shown in
Figure 1
determine associate strains for the material with the stress at element
oriented at 35° (question 1a(i))
For an reinforced concrete two-way slab shown in figure under the load (P). (the slab
continuous over all edges - all sides are fixed), Determine (By using yield line theory):
A- Draw the Yield line Pattern
B- Determine the moment m
C- Find The required flexural steel to resist the loads causing the slab to collapse if P = 200
KN, f=28 MPa, fy = 420 MPa d = 120 mm. Use 10 mm bars.
Draw the yield line and
(Qmin = 0.002)
2m
solve
PO
6 m
3 m
-8 m
Chapter 4 Solutions
Fundamentals Of Construction Estimating
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