Concept explainers
To discuss: The relationship between exercise intensity and bioenergetic pathways that produces ATP during various types of exercise.
Introduction: Exercise includes all the bodily activities that help to enhance or maintain physical fitness for overall health and wellness. Exercise can be performed for various reasons such as to aid growth, improve strength, prevent aging, develop muscles, weight loss, and also for enjoyment.

Explanation of Solution
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the primary source of energy in most of the cells. The three major sources of energy systems that are involved in ATP production during exercise are ATP-PC system, aerobic, and anaerobic pathways. The sources of ATP during different types of exercise are summarized as follows:
- The energy source for high intensity short-term exercise is from anaerobic metabolic pathways.
- The adenosine triphosphate-phosphocreatine (ATP-PC) system provides energy for various movements or exercises like quick reactions, sprints, and other exercises that last for about 1‑5 seconds.
- Glycolysis supplies most of ATP for intense exercise like long distance sprints; however, all three energy systems are involved in energy production.
- Intense exercise that lasts about a minute uses all the energy systems; however the ratio of anaerobic to aerobic pathway is 70% to 30%.
- For prolonged exercises and beginning of incremental exercising, the aerobic
metabolism supplies most of the energy.
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Chapter 4 Solutions
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