Chapter 4, Problem 1ILQ

View this slideshow (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/stemcells) to learn more about stem cells. How do somatic stem cells differ from embryonic stem cells?

Summary Introduction

To review:

To review how somatic cells differ from embryonic stem cells.

Introduction:

The embryonic stem cells have the ability to differentiate into any type of cell of the body. The somatic cells are differentiated cells, which have a specific type in terms of structure and function.

Explanation of Solution

The properties of stem cells different from somatic cells are:

1. Ability to undergo differentiation− Stem cells are pluripotent to differentiate into any type of cell. Whereas somatic cells are cells that have formed after differentiation from embryonic stem cells.
2. Specialization of function− Somatic cells are specialized and committed to a defined function like the nerve cells carry impulses. In contrast, the stem cells have no definitive function. They take up the function of the type they differentiate into.
3. Mortality− Stem cells are considered to be immortal whereas somatic cells have a predefined cycle of growth and senescence which is genetically programmed.
4. Mutation frequency− The somatic cells are more prone to genetic mutation than stem cells.

Conclusion

Though somatic cells develop from stem cells the two are remarkably different. They differ in their ability to differentiate, specialize in function, mortality and mutation frequency as discussed.