Starting Out with Java: From Control Structures through Data Structures (4th Edition) (What's New in Computer Science)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780134787961
Author: Tony Gaddis, Godfrey Muganda
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Expert Solution & Answer
Chapter 4, Problem 14SA
Explanation of Solution
Sentinel:
The special value, which signals that there are no more items from the list of items to be processed, is called as sentinel.
- Sentinel is used to hold special values to indicate that the user cannot enter additional values.
- It means when the user, the program, enters a sentinel value or loop control will be terminated.
- It is a value to indicate the user that the last grade of values has been entered.
- Sentinel value is used as a condition of termination in a recursive
algorithm or loop...
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
ASSIGNMENT BRIEF
Introduction
Roulette is a popular casino game named after the French word for 'little wheel'. In the game, players
may choose to place bets on single numbers or various groupings which will determine their payout.
To determine the winning number a ball is spun in the opposite direction of a spinning wheel. As the
ball loses momentum it comes to rest in one of the slots of the wheel.
Winnings are then paid to anyone who places a successful bet.
n 00
2.
1ST12
2ND12
3RD12
1T018 EVEN
ODD |19то36
Figure 1: Layout of a European roulette table
Numbers can be classified in several ways:
1. Red or Black
2. Odd or Even
3. High or Low - if a number is in the first half of the table it is considered low (1-18).
If a number is in the second half of the table, it is considered high (19-36).
4. Dozens - a number can be in the first dozen(1-12), second dozen (13-24) or third dozen (25-36)
5. Columns - A number may be in any of the three columns of the table
6. Zero - the number '0'…
check_game_over(): as the name suggests, this function should check to see if the game is over (if one side has no stones left in all of its pockets). It takes as an argument the game board and should return True if the game is over and False otherwise.
Index Numbers: Why do we use index numbers?
Chapter 4 Solutions
Starting Out with Java: From Control Structures through Data Structures (4th Edition) (What's New in Computer Science)
Ch. 4.1 - What will the following program segments display?...Ch. 4.2 - How many times will Hello World be printed in the...Ch. 4.2 - How many times will I love Java programming! be...Ch. 4.3 - Write an input validation loop that asks the user...Ch. 4.3 - Write an input validation loop that asks the user...Ch. 4.3 - Write an input validation loop that asks the user...Ch. 4.5 - Name the three expressions that appear inside the...Ch. 4.5 - You want to write a for loop that displays I love...Ch. 4.5 - What will the following program segments display?...Ch. 4.5 - Write a for loop that displays your name 10 times.
Ch. 4.5 - Write a for loop that displays all of the odd...Ch. 4.5 - Write a for loop that displays every fifth number,...Ch. 4.6 - Write a for loop that repeats seven times, asking...Ch. 4.6 - In the following program segment, which variable...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 4.15CPCh. 4.10 - What is the difference between an input file and...Ch. 4.10 - What import statement will you need in a program...Ch. 4.10 - What class do you use to write data to a file?Ch. 4.10 - Write code that does the following: opens a file...Ch. 4.10 - What classes do you use to read data from a file?Ch. 4.10 - Write code that does the following: opens a file...Ch. 4.10 - You are opening an existing file for output. How...Ch. 4.10 - What clause must you write in the header of a...Ch. 4.11 - Assume x is an int variable, and rand references a...Ch. 4.11 - Assume x is an int variable, and rand references a...Ch. 4.11 - Assume x is an int variable, and rand references a...Ch. 4.11 - Assume x is a double variable, and rand references...Ch. 4 - Prob. 1MCCh. 4 - Prob. 2MCCh. 4 - Prob. 3MCCh. 4 - What is each repetition of a loop known as? a....Ch. 4 - This is a variable that controls the number of...Ch. 4 - The while loop is this type of loop. a. pretest b....Ch. 4 - The do-while loop is this type of loop. a. pretest...Ch. 4 - The for loop is this type of loop. a. pretest b....Ch. 4 - This type of loop has no way of ending and repeats...Ch. 4 - This type of loop always executes at least once....Ch. 4 - This expression is executed by the for loop only...Ch. 4 - Prob. 12MCCh. 4 - This is a special value that signals when there...Ch. 4 - To open a file for writing, you use the following...Ch. 4 - To open a file for reading, you use the following...Ch. 4 - Prob. 16MCCh. 4 - This class allows you to use the print and println...Ch. 4 - This class allows you to read a line from a file....Ch. 4 - True or False: The while loop is a pretest loop.Ch. 4 - True or False: The do-while loop is a pretest...Ch. 4 - True or False: The for loop is a posttest loop.Ch. 4 - True or False: It is not necessary to initialize...Ch. 4 - True or False: One limitation of the for loop is...Ch. 4 - True or False: A variable may be defined in the...Ch. 4 - True or False: In a nested loop, the inner loop...Ch. 4 - True or False: To calculate the total number of...Ch. 4 - // This code contains ERRORS! // It adds two...Ch. 4 - Prob. 2FTECh. 4 - // This code contains ERRORS! int choice, num1,...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4FTECh. 4 - Write a while loop that lets the user enter a...Ch. 4 - Write a do-whi1e loop that asks the user to enter...Ch. 4 - Write a for loop that displays the following set...Ch. 4 - Write a loop that asks the user to enter a number....Ch. 4 - Write a for loop that calculates the total of the...Ch. 4 - Write a nested loop that displays 10 rows of #...Ch. 4 - Convert the while loop in the following code to a...Ch. 4 - Convert the do-while loop in the following code to...Ch. 4 - Convert the following while loop to a for loop:...Ch. 4 - Convert the following for loop to a while loop:...Ch. 4 - Write an input validation loop that asks the user...Ch. 4 - Write an input validation loop that asks the user...Ch. 4 - Write nested loops to draw this pattern:Ch. 4 - Write nested loops to draw this pattern: ## # # #...Ch. 4 - Complete the following program so it displays a...Ch. 4 - Complete the following program so it performs the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 17AWCh. 4 - Prob. 18AWCh. 4 - Modify the code you wrote in Question 18 so it...Ch. 4 - Write code that opens a file named NumberList.txt...Ch. 4 - Prob. 1SACh. 4 - Why should you indent the statements in the body...Ch. 4 - Describe the difference between pretest loops and...Ch. 4 - Why are the statements in the body of a loop...Ch. 4 - Describe the difference between the while loop and...Ch. 4 - Which loop should you use in situations where you...Ch. 4 - Which loop should you use in situations where you...Ch. 4 - Which loop should you use when you know the number...Ch. 4 - Why is it critical that accumulator variables are...Ch. 4 - What is an infinite loop? Write the code for an...Ch. 4 - Prob. 11SACh. 4 - What does it mean to let the user control a loop?Ch. 4 - What is the advantage of using a sentinel?Ch. 4 - Prob. 14SACh. 4 - Describe a programming problem requiring the use...Ch. 4 - How does a file buffer increase a programs...Ch. 4 - Why should a program close a file when its...Ch. 4 - What is a files read position? Where is the read...Ch. 4 - When writing data to a file, what is the...Ch. 4 - What does the Scanner classs hasNext method return...Ch. 4 - What is a potential error that can occur when a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 22SACh. 4 - How do you open a file so that new data will be...Ch. 4 - Sum of Numbers Write a program that asks the user...Ch. 4 - Distance Traveled The distance a vehicle travels...Ch. 4 - Distance File Modify the program you wrote for...Ch. 4 - Pennies for Pay Write a program that calculates...Ch. 4 - Prob. 5PCCh. 4 - File Letter Counter Write a program that asks the...Ch. 4 - Hotel Occupancy A hotels occupancy rate is...Ch. 4 - Average Rainfall Write a program that uses nested...Ch. 4 - Population Write a program that will predict the...Ch. 4 - Largest and Smallest Write a program with a loop...Ch. 4 - Celsius to Fahrenheit Table Write a program that...Ch. 4 - Bar Chart Write a program that asks the user to...Ch. 4 - File Head Display Write a program that asks the...Ch. 4 - Line Numbers Write a program that asks the user...Ch. 4 - Uppercase File Converter Write a program that asks...Ch. 4 - Budget Analysis Write a program that asks the user...Ch. 4 - Random Number Guessing Game Write a program that...Ch. 4 - Random Number Guessing Game Enhancement Enhance...Ch. 4 - ESP Game Write a program that tests your ESP...Ch. 4 - Square Display Write a program that asks the user...Ch. 4 - Dice Game Write a program that plays a simple dice...Ch. 4 - Prob. 22PCCh. 4 - Personal Web Page Generator Write a program that...
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- (Numerical) Write an assignment statement to calculate the nth term in an arithmetic sequence. This is the formula for calculating the value, v, of the nth term: v=a+(n1)d a is the first number in the sequence. d is the difference between any two numbers in the sequence.arrow_forwarddesign patterns quetion public double calculatePerimeter(Shapes [] shapes) { double p = 0;for (Shape shape : shapes) { if (shape is Rectangle) { Rectangle rectangle = (Rectangle) shape; p += (rectangle.Width+rectangle.Height) * 2; } else { Circle circle = (Circle)shape; p += 2 * circle.Radius * Math.PI; } } return p; } which design principle is violated in the above code? what is the issue/ limitation of this code? rewrite the code to not violate the design principle you answered in part 1?arrow_forwardC Program Removing Elements in an Array Make a program that creates an array by asking the size n of the array and n integer inputs. Example: Input size of array: 5 Array elements: 1 2 3 4 5 After creating the array, you need to prompt the user again to pick m number of elements to remove. If the input is invalid, prompt the user to try again. An input is invalid if it meets either one of these criteria: Greater than size n of the array Negative number Example: Number of elements to remove: -2 Invalid number. Try again: 3 After a valid input, prompt the user for the valid indices to remove. An index is valid if it is within the range of the array size. Output the array elements after a valid index input and consider the new size of the array after. Example: Index (1): 2 Array elements: 1 2 4 5 Index (2): 4 Invalid index! Try again. Index (2): 0 Array elements: 2 4 5 Index (3): 2 Array elements: 2 4 After everything, print FINISHED! Input 1. Size of array 2.…arrow_forward
- # Segmentation Questionarrow_forwardPython Knapsack: you are carrying a knapsack with capacity to hold a total of weight C. You are selecting among n items with values A={a1, a2, ... , an} and associated weights W={w1, w2, ... , wn}. Here the weights and values are all positive. You wish to maximize the total value of the items you select not exceeding the given weight capacity, example, maximize sum_{a in A} such that sum_{w in W} <= C. Note that you can only select your items once. In Python, create function DP_K (C, A, W) as stated above. Input an array to the function to hold the backtrace. What is the best set of items for C = 30, A = [40, 110, 100] and w = [20, 30, 40]? This can be shown using auxiliary printing function.arrow_forwardProblem Statement – You are to create a program to play Tic-Tac-Toe. The program should initially explain that this program is a Tic-Tac-Toe game. The program must include the following: The board must be represented as a one dimensional array. The board must be printed after each user selects a position on the board. Directions must be printed to the screen. The directions should include a copy of the board with each position labeled in the board. The game should allow two players to alternate providing their selected position. The first player will be using ‘X’ and the second player will be using ‘Y’. The program should include the following functions: void printDirections ( ) Provides directions on how to play the game int getBoardPosition( int player) This function prompts for the player to input the position of the board and returns the position. void printBoard (char board [ ] ) This function prints the updated board with the input of the player. int isWinner ( char board […arrow_forward
- A Hide Time Remaining A Geometric Progression Printer As you might recall, a Geometric Progression (or GP) is a sequence of elements in which the next number in the sequence is obtained by multiplying the previous number by the common ratio. The next number in the sequence is obtained by using this formula: a_n=a_1*r(n-1) While the sum of all numbers in the sequence is obtained using any of these formulae: If r= 1, sum=a*n Ifr != 1 and r> 1, sum = a[(rª-1)/(r - 1)] Ifr != 1 and r < 1, sum = a[(1-r)/(1-r)] where a_n = next number in the sequence, a_1 = first number in the sequence, r = common ratio, n = number of terms Your task is to write a Python program that 1: Accepts the necessary inputs from the user, i.e., start value (a_1), common ratio (r), and number of generate to generate (n). 2. Generates the Geometric Progression (GP) sequence starting from a_1 to n. 3. Prints out the GP HORIZONTALLY not VERTICALLY, e.g. 3, 9, 27, 81, 243, 729.... 4. Calculates the sum of all numbers in…arrow_forwardPython Turtle Graphics Draw a spiral diagram using Python turtle package program follows 3 steps: Import the turtle module Create a turtle to control. Draw around using the turtle methods. You should consider the following points in your solution: The shapes should be drawn with the shown colors Yellow and white for the square-like shapes. Blue for the background. The prompt should have a turtle shape. The number of iterations should be 300 You should use only one loop. The number of the yellow color lines should be 200. The final shape of the output should be as shown in the picture attached. Make sure to set properly the starting position (x & y) of your drawing, to maintain the required diagram. video on youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZqoJD2RMu1Iarrow_forwardComputer Science C# Programming Object Orientation Please use Arrays or ArrayLists where appropriate Implement a menu driven program that has some operations for a food truck. A food truck has multiple food items as well as a menu which contains a selection of the food items which will be sold for that day. A maximum of 10 food items can appear on the menu for any day. For each food item keep a code, description, category, price and quantity in stock (code, description and category are not usually changed). Create a comma delimited text file called "items.txt" for 15 or more food items, indicating the item's description, category, price and quantity in stock. Read all the food items from the text file “Items.txt” Display all the food items available for this food truck. Continuously prompt the user for a food item’s code to be placed on the menu until the menu is full or the user enters -1. Note that only food items which have a positive quantity in stock may be added to…arrow_forward
- C++ Memory Game Children often play a memory game in which a deck of cards containing matching pairs is used. The cards are shuffled and placed face down on a table. The players take turns and select two cards at a time. If both cards match, they are left face up; otherwise, the cards are placed face down at the same positions. Once the players choose their pair, they can see the board for some time period and attempt to memorize the configuration of cards. They can then use their memory to select the next pair of cards when it is their turn. The game continues until all the cards are face up. Assume that there are two players and to make the game interesting, keep track of how many correct matches each player makes. When all the cards are turned face up, the player with the most matches is the winner. Write a program to play the memory game. Use a two-dimensional array of 4 rows and 4 columns for a deck of 16 cards with 8 matching pairs. You can use numbers 1 to 8 to mark the cards.…arrow_forwardOpengl Help Programming Language: c++ I need help setting coordinate boundries for this program so the shape can't leave the Opengl window. The shape needs to stay visiable.arrow_forwardPercentVaR = function(r,alpha){ # This function returns the left tail value and displays a histogram # alpha = risk level. # r = a vector of stock returns # out = positively stated value or r at the 1-alpha percentile hist(r) out = # Get the lower tail value and return it's absolute value return(out) } Please finsh the function in R languagearrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- C++ for Engineers and ScientistsComputer ScienceISBN:9781133187844Author:Bronson, Gary J.Publisher:Course Technology Ptr
C++ for Engineers and Scientists
Computer Science
ISBN:9781133187844
Author:Bronson, Gary J.
Publisher:Course Technology Ptr