EBK INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY
EBK INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260162165
Author: BAUER
Publisher: MCGRAW HILL BOOK COMPANY
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Chapter 4, Problem 143QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether C3H4 and C3H6 have identical percent compositions of carbon by mass and the compound having a low percentage composition by mass is to be indicated.

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

C3H4 contains three moles of carbon and four moles of hydrogen. The mass of three moles of carbon is calculated as follows:

Mass of 3 mol of C=3×12.01 g=36.03 g

The mass of four moles of carbon is calculated as follows:

Mass of 4 mol of H=4×1.008 g=4.032 g

Thus, the total mass of C3H4 is 40.062 g .

The percentage composition of carbon in C3H4 is calculated as follows:

%C=36.03 g40.062 g×100=89.93%

C3H6 contains three moles of carbon and six moles of hydrogen. The mass of three moles of carbon is calculated as follows:

Mass of 3 mol of C=3×12.01 g=36.03 g

The mass of six moles of carbon is calculated as follows:

Mass of 6 mol of H=6×1.008 g=6.048 g

Thus, the total mass of C3H6 is 42.078 g .

The percentage composition of carbon in C3H6 is calculated as follows:

%C=36.03 g42.078 g×100=85.62%

Thus, the percentage composition of carbon in C3H6 is lower.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether C2H4 and C3H4 have identical percent compositions of carbon by mass and the compound having a low percentage composition by mass is to be indicated.

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

C2H4 contains two moles of carbon and four moles of hydrogen. The mass of three moles of carbon is calculated as follows:

Mass of 2 mol of C=2×12.01 g=24.02 g

The mass of four moles of hydrogen is calculated as follows:

Mass of 4 mol of H=4×1.008 g=4.032 g

Thus, the total mass of C2H4 is 28.052 g .

The percentage composition of carbon in C3H4 is calculated as follows:

%C=28.052 g40.062 g×100=70.02%

C3H4 contains three moles of carbon and four moles of hydrogen. The mass of three moles of carbon is calculated as follows:

Mass of 3 mol of C=3×12.01 g=36.03 g

The mass of four moles of carbon is calculated as follows:

Mass of 4 mol of H=4×1.008 g=4.032 g

Thus, the total mass of C3H4 is 40.062 g .

The percentage composition of carbon in C3H4 is calculated as follows:

%C=36.03 g40.062 g×100=89.93%

Therefore, C2H4 has lower percentage composition of carbon.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether C2H4 and C4H2 have identical percent compositions of carbon by mass and the compound having a low percentage composition by mass is to be indicated.

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

C2H4 contains two moles of carbon and four moles of hydrogen. The mass of three moles of carbon is calculated as follows:

Mass of 2 mol of C=2×12.01 g=24.02 g

The mass of four moles of hydrogen is calculated as follows:

Mass of 4 mol of H=4×1.008 g=4.032 g

Thus, the total mass of C2H4 is 28.052 g .

The percentage composition of carbon in C2H4 is calculated as follows:

%C=28.052 g40.062 g×100=70.02%

C4H2 contains four moles of carbon and two moles of hydrogen. The mass of four moles of carbon is calculated as follows:

Mass of 4 mol of C=4×12.01 g=48.04 g

The mass of four moles of carbon is calculated as follows:

Mass of 2 mol of H=2×1.008 g=2.016 g

Thus, the total mass of C4H2 is 50.056 g .

The percentage composition of carbon in C4H2 is calculated as follows:

%C=48.04 g50.056 g×100=95.97%

Therefore, C2H4 has lower percentage composition of carbon.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether C2H4 and C3H6 have identical percent compositions of carbon by mass and the compound having a low percentage composition by mass is to be indicated.

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

The empirical formula of C2H4 and C3H6 is the same, that is CH2 . So, the percentage composition of C2H4 and C3H6 is identical.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether C4H8 and C3H8 have identical percent compositions of carbon by mass and the compound having a low percentage composition by mass is to be indicated.

(e)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

C4H8 contains four moles of carbon and eight moles of hydrogen. The mass of four moles of carbon is calculated as follows:

Mass of 4 mol of C=4 mol×12.01 g=48.04 g

The mass of eight moles of hydrogen is calculated as follows:

Mass of 8 mol of H=8 mol×1.008 g=8.064 g

Thus, the total mass of C4H8 is 56.104 g .

The percentage composition of carbon in C4H8 is calculated as follows:

%C=48.04 g56.104 g×100=85.62%

C3H8 contains three moles of carbon and eight moles of hydrogen. The mass of three moles of carbon is calculated as follows:

Mass of 3 mol of C=3 mol×12.01 g=36.03 g

The mass of eight moles of hydrogen is calculated as follows:

Mass of 8 mol of H=8 mol×1.008 g=8.064 g

Thus, the total mass of C3H8 is 44.094 g .

The percentage composition of carbon in C4H8 is calculated as follows:

%C=36.03 g44.094 g×100=81.71%

Therefore, C3H8 has lower percentage composition by mass.

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Chapter 4 Solutions

EBK INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY

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