The cell is the smallest structural as well as the functional unit of all living organisms. Eukaryotic cells contain several membrane-bound intracellular organelles. Each organelle possesses a specific function. For example, the mitochondrion (plural-mitochondria) is an important organelle in the cell. This is because mitochondria produces energy (ATP) from nutrients through aerobic cellular respiration . Therefore, they are called the powerhouse of the cell.

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Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 4, Problem 12UYK

Summary Introduction

Introduction: The cell is the smallest structural as well as the functional unit of all living organisms. Eukaryotic cells contain several membrane-bound intracellular organelles. Each organelle possesses a specific function. For example, the mitochondrion (plural-mitochondria) is an important organelle in the cell. This is because mitochondria produces energy (ATP) from nutrients through aerobic cellular respiration. Therefore, they are called the powerhouse of the cell.

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Question #3: In the KeyGene paper, the authors state that it would be useful if pollen from an apomict would transmit apomixis-inducing genes to the female in the cross (assuming the pollen is viable). Assuming there was just one gene conferring gametophytic obligate apomixis, and that the two parents are inbreds, what would be the consequences of such a cross if: a) The apomixis was a dominant trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the parental cross. b) The apomixis was a recessive trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the…

Question #5: Assume that two genes are identified that confer gametophytic facultative apomixis in soybean. The genes show independent assortment. Recessive alleles at both loci are required for the facultative apomixis. Facultative apomixis is triggered when the temperature at pollination is above 20 degrees C. At temperatures below 20 degrees C, all reproduction is sexual, independent of genotype. A facultative apomict male, capable of producing viable pollen, was crossed with a sexually reproducing female. Assuming the parents are completely inbred, what are the predicted phenotypic ratios (apomict: non-apomict) for the F1, F2, and DH (F1-derived) generations at each of the following temperatures*: a) 15°C? b) 25°C? *for full credit, show crosses and genotypes where appropriate. Remember to position the female first (left side) in the cross. Type your answer here:

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Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 4, Problem 12UYK

Summary Introduction

Introduction: The cell is the smallest structural as well as the functional unit of all living organisms. Eukaryotic cells contain several membrane-bound intracellular organelles. Each organelle possesses a specific function. For example, the mitochondrion (plural-mitochondria) is an important organelle in the cell. This is because mitochondria produces energy (ATP) from nutrients through aerobic cellular respiration. Therefore, they are called the powerhouse of the cell.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 4, Problem 12UYK

Summary Introduction

Introduction: The cell is the smallest structural as well as the functional unit of all living organisms. Eukaryotic cells contain several membrane-bound intracellular organelles. Each organelle possesses a specific function. For example, the mitochondrion (plural-mitochondria) is an important organelle in the cell. This is because mitochondria produces energy (ATP) from nutrients through aerobic cellular respiration. Therefore, they are called the powerhouse of the cell.

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Answer 4

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Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 4, Problem 12UYK

Summary Introduction