Chapter 4, Problem 127CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The stream’s total flow rate downstream from this plant should be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Mole is SI unit which is used to measure the quantity of the substance. It is the quantity of a substance which contains same number of atoms as present in accurately 12.00 g of carbon-12 is known as mole.

Number of moles of a compound is defined as the ratio of given mass of the compound to the molar or molecular mass of the compound.

The mathematical expression is given by:

Number of moles = $\frac{\text{mass of the compound}}{\text{molar mass of the compound}}$

Molarity is defined as the ratio of number of moles to the volume of solution in L.

The mathematical expression is:

  $\text{Molarity =}\frac{\text{number of moles}}{\text{volume of solution in L}}$

Flow rate is determined by the ratio of volume of solution in mL to the time taken for the flow in minutes.

The mathematical expression is:

  $\text{Flow rate = }\frac{\text{volume of solution in mL}}{\text{Time taken for the flow in min}}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The concentration of $\text{HCl}$ in ppm downstream from this plant should be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Mole is SI unit which is used to measure the quantity of the substance. It is the quantity of a substance which contains same number of atoms as present in accurately 12.00 g of carbon-12 is known as mole.

Number of moles of a compound is defined as the ratio of given mass of the compound to the molar or molecular mass of the compound.

The mathematical expression is given by:

Number of moles = $\frac{\text{mass of the compound}}{\text{molar mass of the compound}}$

Molarity is defined as the ratio of number of moles to the volume of solution in L.

The mathematical expression is:

  $\text{Molarity =}\frac{\text{number of moles}}{\text{volume of solution in L}}$

In case of dilution, number of moles of solute before dilution and number of moles of solute after dilution is same. Thus, relationship between molarity and volume is expressed as:

  ${\text{M}}_{\text{1}}{\text{V}}_{\text{1}}{\text{=M}}_{\text{2}}{\text{V}}_{\text{2}}$

Where, ${\text{M}}_1$ = Initial molarity

  ${\text{V}}_{\text{1}}$ = Initial volume

  ${\text{M}}_2$ = Final molarity

  ${\text{V}}_2$ = Final volume

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mass of $\text{CaO}$ should be calculated which is consumed in 8.00 h work day by this plant.

  ${\text{CaO(s)+2H}}^{+}(\text{aq})\to {\text{Ca}}^{\text{2+}}({\text{aq)+H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O(l)}$

Concept Introduction:

Mole is SI unit which is used to measure the quantity of the substance. It is the quantity of a substance which contains same number of atoms as present in accurately 12.00 g of carbon-12 is known as mole.

Number of moles of a compound is defined as the ratio of given mass of the compound to the molar or molecular mass of the compound.

The mathematical expression is given by:

Number of moles = $\frac{\text{mass of the compound}}{\text{molar mass of the compound}}$

Molarity is defined as the ratio of number of moles to the volume of solution in L.

The mathematical expression is:

  $\text{Molarity =}\frac{\text{number of moles}}{\text{volume of solution in L}}$

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The concentration of ${\text{Ca}}^{\text{2+}}$ in ppm downstream of the second plant should be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Mole is SI unit which is used to measure the quantity of the substance. It is the quantity of a substance which contains same number of atoms as present in accurately 12.00 g of carbon-12 is known as mole.

Number of moles of a compound is defined as the ratio of given mass of the compound to the molar or molecular mass of the compound.

The mathematical expression is given by:

Number of moles = $\frac{\text{mass of the compound}}{\text{molar mass of the compound}}$

Molarity is defined as the ratio of number of moles to the volume of solution in L.

The mathematical expression is:

  $\text{Molarity =}\frac{\text{number of moles}}{\text{volume of solution in L}}$