(a)
Interpretation: The oxidation state of all the atoms in
Concept introduction: Oxidation number depicts the oxidation state of any element in its compound, or molecular form. This is based on the concept that in a covalent bond, more electronegative atom possesses the electron pair completely. The oxidation state calculations are helpful to keep record of electron shifts in
(b)
Interpretation: The oxidation state of all the atoms in
Concept introduction: Oxidation number depicts the oxidation state of any element in its compound, or molecular form. This is based on the concept that in a covalent bond, more electronegative atom possesses the electron pair completely. The oxidation state calculations are helpful to keep record of electron shifts in chemical reactions.
(c)
Interpretation: The oxidation state of all the atoms in
Concept introduction: Oxidation number depicts the oxidation state of any element in its compound, or molecular form. This is based on the concept that in a covalent bond, more electronegative atom possesses the electron pair completely. The oxidation state calculations are helpful to keep record of electron shifts in chemical reactions.
(d)
Interpretation: The oxidation state of all the atoms in
Concept introduction: Oxidation number depicts the oxidation state of any element in its compound, or molecular form. This is based on the concept that in a covalent bond, more electronegative atom possesses the electron pair completely. The oxidation state calculations are helpful to keep record of electron shifts in chemical reactions.
(e)
Interpretation: The oxidation state of all the atoms in
Concept introduction: Oxidation number depicts the oxidation state of any element in its compound, or molecular form. This is based on the concept that in a covalent bond, more electronegative atom possesses the electron pair completely. The oxidation state calculations are helpful to keep record of electron shifts in chemical reactions.
(f)
Interpretation: The oxidation state of
Concept introduction: Oxidation number depicts the oxidation state of any element in its compound, or molecular form. This is based on the concept that in a covalent bond, more electronegative atom possesses the electron pair completely. The oxidation state calculations are helpful to keep record of electron shifts in chemical reactions.
(g)
Interpretation: The oxidation state of all the atoms in
Concept introduction: Oxidation number depicts the oxidation state of any element in its compound, or molecular form. This is based on the concept that in a covalent bond, more electronegative atom possesses the electron pair completely. The oxidation state calculations are helpful to keep record of electron shifts in chemical reactions.
(h)
Interpretation: The oxidation state of all the atoms in
Concept introduction: Oxidation number depicts the oxidation state of any element in its compound, or molecular form. This is based on the concept that in a covalent bond, more electronegative atom possesses the electron pair completely. The oxidation state calculations are helpful to keep record of electron shifts in chemical reactions.
(i)
Interpretation: The oxidation state of all the atoms in
Concept introduction: Oxidation number depicts the oxidation state of any element in its compound, or molecular form. This is based on the concept that in a covalent bond, more electronegative atom possesses the electron pair completely. The oxidation state calculations are helpful to keep record of electron shifts in chemical reactions.
(j)
Interpretation: The oxidation state of all the atoms in
Concept introduction: Oxidation number depicts the oxidation state of any element in its compound, or molecular form. This is based on the concept that in a covalent bond, more electronegative atom possesses the electron pair completely. The oxidation state calculations are helpful to keep record of electron shifts in chemical reactions.
(k)
Interpretation: The oxidation state of all the atoms in
Concept introduction: Oxidation number depicts the oxidation state of any element in its compound, or molecular form. This is based on the concept that in a covalent bond, more electronegative atom possesses the electron pair completely. The oxidation state calculations are helpful to keep record of electron shifts in chemical reactions.
(l)
Interpretation: The oxidation state of all the atoms in
Concept introduction: Oxidation number depicts the oxidation state of any element in its compound, or molecular form. This is based on the concept that in a covalent bond, more electronegative atom possesses the electron pair completely. The oxidation state calculations are helpful to keep record of electron shifts in chemical reactions.
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EBK WEBASSIGN FOR ZUMDAHL'S CHEMICAL PR
- Gold can be dissolved from gold-bearing rock by treating the rock with sodium cyanide in the presence of oxygen. 4 Au(s) + 8 NaCN(aq) + O2(g) + 2 H2O() 4 NaAu(CN)2(aq) + 4 NaOH(aq) (a) Name the oxidizing and reducing agents in this reaction. What has been oxidized, and what has been reduced? (b) If you have exactly one metric ton (1 metric ton = 1000 kg) of gold-bearing rock, what volume of 0.075 M NaCN, in liters, do you need to extract the gold if the rock is 0.019% gold?arrow_forwardThe mineral dolomite contains magnesium carbon-ate. This reacts with hydrochloric add. MgCO3(s) + 2 HCl(aq) CO2(g) + MgCl2(aq) + H2O() (a) Write the net ionic equation for this reaction and identify the spectator ions. (b) What type of reaction is this?arrow_forwardTriiodide ions are generated in solution by the following (unbalanced) reaction in acidic solution: IO3(aq) + I(aq) I3(aq) Triiodide ion concentration is determined by titration with a sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) solution. The products are iodide ion and tetrathionate ion (S4O6). a. Balance the equation for the reaction of IO3 with I ions. b. A sample of 0.6013 g of potassium iodate was dissolved in water. Hydrochloric acid and solid potassium iodide were then added. What is the minimum mass of solid KI and the minimum volume of 3.00 M HQ required to convert all of the IO3 ions to I ions? c. Write and balance the equation for the reaction of S2O32 with I3 in acidic solution. d. A 25.00-mL sample of a 0.0100 M solution of KIO. is reacted with an excess of KI. It requires 32.04 mL of Na2S2O3 solution to titrate the I3 ions present. What is the molarity of the Na2S2O3 solution? e. How would you prepare 500.0 mL of the KIO3 solution in part d using solid KIO3?arrow_forward
- Determine the oxidation states of the elements in the following compounds: (a) Nal (b) GdCl3 (c) LiNO3 (d) H2Se (e) Mg2Si (f) RbO2, rubidium superoxide (g) HFarrow_forwardOne method for determining the purity of aspirin (C9H8O4) is to hydrolyze it with NaOH solution and then to titrate the remaining NaOH. The reaction of aspirin with NaOH is as follows: A sample of aspirin with a mass of 1.427 g was boiled in 50.00 mL of 0.500 M NaOH. After the solution was cooled, it took 31.92 mL of 0.289 M HCl to titrate the excess NaOH. Calculate the purity of the aspirin. What indicator should be used for this titration? Why?arrow_forwardChlorine gas was first prepared in 1774 by C. W. Scheele by oxidizing sodium chloride with manganese(IV) oxide. The reaction is NaCl(aq) + H2SO4(aq) + MnO2(s) Na2SO4(aq) + MnCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + Cl2 (g) Balance this equation.arrow_forward
- One way of determining blood alcohol levels is by performing a titration on a sample of blood. In this process, the alcohol from the blood is oxidized by dichromate ions (Cr2O72-) according to the following net ionic equation: C2H5OH+2Cr2O72+16H+2CO2+4Cr3++11H2O A 10.00-g sample of blood was drawn from a patient, and 13.77 mL of 0.02538 M K2Cr2O7 was required to titrate the alcohol. What was the patient’s blood alcohol level? (See the previous problem for definition of blood alcohol level. K2Cr2O7 is a strong electrolyte, so it dissociates completely in solution.)arrow_forwardTo analyze an iron-containing compound, you convert all the iron to Fe2+ in aqueous solution and then titrate the solution with standardized KMnO4. The balanced, net ionic equation is MnO4(aq) + 5 Fe2(aq) + 8 H3O+(aq) Mn2(aq) + 5 Fe3+(aq) + 12 H2O(l) A 0.598-g sample of the iron-containing compound requires 22.25 mL of 0.0123 M KMnO4 for titration to the equivalence point. What is the mass percent of iron in the sample?arrow_forwardA transition metal X forms an oxide of formula X2O3. It is found that only 50% of X atoms in this compound are in the +3 oxidation state. The only other stable oxidation states of X are +2 and +5. What percentage of X atoms are in the +2 oxidation state in this compound?arrow_forward
- Citric acid, which can be obtained from lemon juice, has the molecular formula C6H8O7. A 0.250-g sample of citric acid dissolved in 25.0 mL of water requires 37.2 mL of 0.105 M NaOH for complete neutralization. What number of acidic hydrogens per molecule does citric acid have?arrow_forwardElemental bromine is the source of bromine compounds. The element is produced from certain brine solutions that occur naturally. These brines are essentially solutions of calcium bromide that, when treated with chlorine gas, yield bromine in a displacement reaction. What are the molecular equation and net ionic equation for the reaction? A solution containing 40.0 g of calcium bromide requires 14.2 g of chlorine to react completely with it, and 22.2 g of calcium chloride is produced in addition to whatever bromine is obtained. How many grams of calcium bromide are required to produce 10.0 pounds of bromine?arrow_forwardThe blood alcohol (C2H5OH) level can be determined by titrating a sample of blood plasma with an acidic potassium di-chromate solution, resulting in the production of Cr3+ (aq) and carbon dioxide. The reaction can be monitored because the dichromate ion (Cr2O72) is orange in solution, and the Cr3+ ion is green. The balanced equations is 16H+(aq) + 2Cr2O72(aq) + C2H5OH(aq) 4Cr4+(aq) + 2CO2(g) + 11H2O(l) This reaction is an oxidationreduction reaction. What species is reduced, and what species is oxidized? How many electrons are transferred in the balanced equation above?arrow_forward
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