Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781285199047
Author: John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 4, Problem 122QRT

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Volume of tank car has to be estimated. The mass of propane in the tank car has to be calculated. Also the energy transferred at burning of propane has to be identified.

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 122QRT

Volume of tank car is 35 m3

The mass of propane in the 5 tank cars are 1.0×105 kg C3H8.

The energy transferred at burning of propane is 4.6×109 kJ.

Explanation of Solution

The dimensions of tank car are 20 feet (6.1m) long, 8 feet (2.4 m) high and 8 feet (2.4 m) wide. Now the volume of tank car is determined as follows,

    Volume = 6.1m × 2.4 m × 2.4 m= 35 m3

The liquid propane density at its boiling point is found to be 582 kg/m3.

    5 Cars × 35m3× 582 kg C3H81m3 C3H8 1.0×105 kg C3H8

The balanced chemical equation for combustion of propane is C3H8(g) + 5O2(g)3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g).

Now, the reaction enthalpy for above reaction is shown as below,

    ΔrHo = 3(-393.509 kJ/mol) + 4(-241.818 kJ/mol) - (-103.8 kJ/mol)-5(0 kJ/mol)= -2044.0 kJ

Finally the energy evolved by the mass of propane present in 5 tank cars is calculated as follows,

    1.0 ×105 kg C3H8 × 1000 g1 kg× 1 mol C3H844.0953 g C3H8×2044.0 kJ1 mol C3H8 4.6×109 kJ

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The metric kilotons of TNT that provide energy equal to the energy produced by combustion of propane in five car tanks has to be determined.

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 122QRT

The amount of TNT is 1.0 metric kilotons of TNT.

Explanation of Solution

First, the molar mass of TNT(C7H5N3O6) is calculated.

    Molar mass = 7(12.0107 g/mol C)+5(1.0079 g/mol H)+3(14.0067 g/mol N)+6(15.9994 g/molO)= 227.1309 g/mol TNT

Now the energy evolved by the propane mass in 5 tank cars is converted into moles which then using metric mass relationships the metric kilotons of TNT is determined as shown below,

    4.7 ×109 kJ ×1 mol TNT1066.1 kJ× 227.1309 g TNT1 mol TNT× 1 Mg1 ×106 g×1 metric ton1 Mg×1 m.k.t100 metric ton 1.0 metric kilotons.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The energy transferred from Hiroshima and Nagasaki nuclear fission bombs has to be determined. Also up to date the largest nuclear weapon detonated has to be identified and whether evacuating the town serves as good idea or not has to be indicated.

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 122QRT

The energy of Hiroshima bomb transferred is 6.7 %.

The energy of Nagasaki bomb transferred is 5 %.

The conclusion obtained from this is to evacuate the town serves as the good idea.

Explanation of Solution

The bomb dropped at Hiroshima is 15 kilotons and the one dropped at Nagasaki is 20 kilotons.

So far the biggest hydrogen bomb ever tested was the Tsar Bomb. It was tested over the Mityushikha Bay nuclear testing range north of Arctic Circle over the Nocaya Zemlya archipelago in Arctic Sea. About 57 million tons of TNT was released from this.

Using percentages the energy released from propane in tank cars are compared with the above bomb as follows,

    1.0 m.k.t15 m.k.t×100%     = 6.7 % the energy of Hiroshima bomb1.0 m.k.t20 m.k.t×100%     = 5.0 % the energy of Nagasaki bomb

Therefore, evacuating the town was the good idea.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The energy released by propane combustion has to be compared with the hurricane energy.

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

The energy released from the hurricane is found to be around 1.3×1017 Joules/day which was determined having average wind speed in the inner core of hurricane of radius 60 km as 40 m/s.

The energy evolved by the mass of propane present in 5 tank cars is calculated as 4.6×109 kJ.

    4.6×109 kJ×1000J1kJ× 1 day1.3×1017 J×24 h 1 day×3600 s1 h 3.1 s

Therefore, 3.1 s of kinetic energy is produced by hurricane.

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Chapter 4 Solutions

Chemistry: The Molecular Science

Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 4.6PSPCh. 4.5 - Prob. 4.6ECh. 4.5 - Assume you have 1 cup of ice (237 g) at 0.0 C....Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 4.9CECh. 4.6 - Prob. 4.10CECh. 4.6 - Prob. 4.11ECh. 4.6 - The reaction enthalpy for sublimation of 1 mol...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 4.12ECh. 4.6 - Prob. 4.8PSPCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.13CECh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.14CECh. 4.8 - Prob. 4.9PSPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 4.15CECh. 4.8 - Prob. 4.10PSPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 4.16CECh. 4.8 - Prob. 4.17ECh. 4.9 - When iron is obtained from iron ore, an important...Ch. 4.10 - Write an appropriate thermochemical expression in...Ch. 4.10 - Prob. 4.18CECh. 4.10 - Prob. 4.13PSPCh. 4.10 - Use data from Table 4.2 to calculate the standard...Ch. 4.11 - Prob. 4.15PSPCh. 4.11 - Correlate the fuel values and caloric values...Ch. 4.11 - Prob. 4.20ECh. 4.11 - Prob. 4.21ECh. 4 - Prob. 1QRTCh. 4 - For each situation, define a system and its...Ch. 4 - What is the value of the standard formation...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 5QRTCh. 4 - Name two exothermic processes and two endothermic...Ch. 4 - Prob. 7QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 8QRTCh. 4 - (a) A 2-inch piece of two-layer chocolate cake...Ch. 4 - Prob. 10QRTCh. 4 - Melting lead requires 5.50 cal/g. Calculate how...Ch. 4 - Prob. 12QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 13QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 14QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 15QRTCh. 4 - Analyze transfer of energy from one form to...Ch. 4 - Prob. 17QRTCh. 4 - Suppose that you are studying kinetic energy of...Ch. 4 - Solid ammonium chloride is added to water in a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 20QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 21QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 22QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 23QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 24QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 25QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 26QRTCh. 4 - The specific heat capacity of benzene, C6H6, is...Ch. 4 - The specific heat capacity of carbon...Ch. 4 - Prob. 29QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 30QRTCh. 4 - A piece of iron (400. g) is heated in a flame and...Ch. 4 - Prob. 32QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 33QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 34QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 35QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 36QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 37QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 38QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 39QRTCh. 4 - Calculate the quantity of heating required to...Ch. 4 - Prob. 41QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 42QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 43QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 44QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 45QRTCh. 4 - Calcium carbide, CaC2, is manufactured by reducing...Ch. 4 - Prob. 47QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 48QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 49QRTCh. 4 - Given the thermochemical expression CaO(s) + 3C(s)...Ch. 4 - Prob. 51QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 52QRTCh. 4 - Isooctane (2,2,4-trimethylpentane), one of the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 54QRTCh. 4 - Gasohol, a mixture of gasoline and ethanol,...Ch. 4 - White phosphorus, P4, ignites in air to produce...Ch. 4 - Prob. 57QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 58QRTCh. 4 - Which molecule, HF, HCl, HBr, or HI, has the...Ch. 4 - Which molecule, F2, Cl2, Br2, or I2, has the...Ch. 4 - For the reactions of molecular hydrogen with...Ch. 4 - Prob. 62QRTCh. 4 - A diamond can be considered a giant all-carbon...Ch. 4 - Prob. 64QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 65QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 66QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 67QRTCh. 4 - A 0.692-g sample of glucose, C6H12O6, is burned in...Ch. 4 - Benzoic acid, C7H6O2, occurs naturally in many...Ch. 4 - Prob. 70QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 71QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 72QRTCh. 4 - Three reactions very important to the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 74QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 75QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 76QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 77QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 78QRTCh. 4 - We burn 3.47 g lithium in excess oxygen at...Ch. 4 - Prob. 80QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 81QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 82QRTCh. 4 - The reaction enthalpy for oxidation of styrene,...Ch. 4 - Oxygen is not normally found in positive oxidation...Ch. 4 - Iron can react with oxygen to give iron(III)...Ch. 4 - The formation of aluminum oxide from its elements...Ch. 4 - Prob. 87QRTCh. 4 - If you want to convert 56.0 g ice (at 0 °C) to...Ch. 4 - Prob. 89QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 90QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 91QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 92QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 93QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 94QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 95QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 96QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 97QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 98QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 99QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 100QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 101QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 102QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 103QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 104QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 105QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 106QRTCh. 4 - The specific heat capacity of copper is 0.385 J g1...Ch. 4 - Consider this graph, which presents data for a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 109QRTCh. 4 - The sketch shows two identical beakers with...Ch. 4 - Prob. 111QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 112QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 113QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 114QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 115QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 116QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 117QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 118QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 119QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 120QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 121QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 122QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 123QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 124QRTCh. 4 - Prob. 4.ACPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.BCPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.CCPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.DCPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.ECPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.FCP
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