Chapter 4, Problem 107IE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The atoms that are oxidized and the ones that are reduced form the given compounds.

Concept introduction:

A reaction that involves both oxidation and reduction is known as a redox reaction. The oxidation state of the atoms is changed. This involves the exchange of electrons between the species.

Reduction occurs when an atom of a molecule or ionic species gains an electron.
Oxidation occurs when an atom of a molecule or ionic species losses an electron.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: A balanced form of the given chemical equation for the given reaction.

Concept introduction:

A balanced chemical equation is based on the law of conservation of mass for a closed system. According to this law, the mass of the products formed in a chemical reaction is equal to the mass of the reactants involved in the reaction.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The amount of sodium cyanide solution required to react with $40.0\text{kg}$ of rock that contains 2.00 % by mass of gold.

Concept introduction: The mass % of component is given by:
$\text{Mass}\text{\%}\text{of}\text{a}\text{component}=\frac{\text{Mass}\text{of}\text{the}\text{component}\text{in}\text{the}\text{solution}}{\text{Total}\text{mass}\text{of}\text{the}\text{solution}}\times 100$

Molarity is given by:
$M=\frac{\text{Number}\text{of}\text{moles}}{\text{Volume}\text{of}\text{the}\text{solution}}$

Thus, volume of solution is calculated by above formula.