Physics for Scientists and Engineers
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781337553278
Author: Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 37, Problem 43AP
A pinhole camera has a small circular aperture of diameter D. Light from distant objects passes through the aperture into an otherwise dark box, falling on a screen located a distance L away. If D is too large, the display on the screen will be fuzzy because a bright point in the field of view will send light onto a circle of diameter slightly larger than D. On the other hand, if D is too small, diffraction will blur the display on the screen. The screen shows a reasonably sharp image if the diameter of the central disk of the diffraction pattern, specified by Equation 37.6, is equal to D at the screen. (a) Show that for monochromatic light with plane wave fronts and L >> D, the condition for a sharp view is fulfilled if D2 = 2.44λL. (b) Find the optimum pinhole diameter for 500-nm light projected onto a screen 15.0 cm away.
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
A pinhole camera has a small circular aperture of diameter D. Light from distant objects passes through the aperture into an otherwise dark box, falling on a screen located a distance L away. If D is too large, the display on the screen will be fuzzy because a bright point in the field of view will send light onto a circle of diameter slightly larger than D. On the other hand, if D is too small, diffraction will blur the display on the screen. The screen shows a reasonably sharp image if the diameter of the central disk of the diffraction pattern, specified by as shown, is equal to D at the screen. (a) Show that for monochromatic light with plane wave fronts and L >> D, the condition for a sharp view is fulfilled if D2 = 2.44λL. (b) Find the optimum pinhole diameter for 500-nm light projected onto a screen 15.0 cm away.
The Michelson interferometer can be used to measure the index of refraction of a gas by placing an evacuated transparent tube in the light path along one arm of the device. Fringe shifts occur as the
gas is slowly added to the tube. Assume 580-nm light is used, the tube is 5.40 cm long, and 152 fringe shifts occur as the pressure of the gas in the tube increases to atmospheric pressure. What is
the index of refraction of the gas? Hint: The fringe shifts occur because the wavelength of the light changes inside the gas-filled tube. (Give your answer to five decimal places.)
4.0
One way to determine the index of refraction of a gas is to use an interferometer. As shown below, one of the beams of an interferometer passes through a glass container that has a length of L = 1.8 cm. Initially the glass container is a vacuum. When gas is slowly allowed into the container, a total of 6894 dark fringes move past the reference line. The laser has a wavelength of 635 nm (this is the wavelength when the light from the laser is moving through a vacuum).
A.) Determine how many wavelengths will fit into the glass container when it is a vacuum. Since the light passes through the container twice, you need to determine how many wavelengths will fit into a glass container that has a length of 2L.number of wavelengths (vacuum) =
B.) The number of dark fringes is the difference between the number of wavelengths that fit in the container (length of 2L) when it has gas and the number of wavelengths that fit in the container (length of 2L) when it is a vacuum. Use this knowledge to…
Chapter 37 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers
Ch. 37.2 - Suppose the slit width in Figure 37.4 is made half...Ch. 37.3 - Cats eyes have pupils that can be modeled as...Ch. 37.3 - Suppose you are observing a binary star with a...Ch. 37.4 - Ultraviolet light of wavelength 350 nm is incident...Ch. 37.6 - A polarizer for microwaves can be made as a grid...Ch. 37.6 - You are walking down a long hallway that has many...Ch. 37 - Heliumneon laser light ( = 632.8 nm) is sent...Ch. 37 - From Equation 37.2, find an expression for the...Ch. 37 - Light of wavelength 540 nm passes through a slit...Ch. 37 - In Figure 37.7, show mathematically how many...
Ch. 37 - Assume light of wavelength 650 nm passes through...Ch. 37 - What If? Suppose light strikes a single slit of...Ch. 37 - A diffraction pattern is formed on a screen 120 cm...Ch. 37 - Coherent light of wavelength 501.5 nm is sent...Ch. 37 - The objective lens of a certain refracting...Ch. 37 - Yellow light of wavelength 589 nm is used to view...Ch. 37 - What is the approximate size of the smallest...Ch. 37 - A heliumneon laser emits light that has a...Ch. 37 - To increase the resolving power of a microscope,...Ch. 37 - Prob. 14PCh. 37 - Impressionist painter Georges Seurat created...Ch. 37 - Narrow, parallel, glowing gas-filled tubes in a...Ch. 37 - Consider an array of parallel wires with uniform...Ch. 37 - Three discrete spectral lines occur at angles of...Ch. 37 - A grating with 250 grooves/mm is used with an...Ch. 37 - Show that whenever white light is passed through a...Ch. 37 - Light from an argon laser strikes a diffraction...Ch. 37 - A wide beam of laser light with a wavelength of...Ch. 37 - You are working as a demonstration assistant for a...Ch. 37 - Prob. 24PCh. 37 - Prob. 25PCh. 37 - Prob. 26PCh. 37 - Prob. 27PCh. 37 - Why is the following situation impossible? A...Ch. 37 - The critical angle for total internal reflection...Ch. 37 - For a particular transparent medium surrounded by...Ch. 37 - Prob. 31PCh. 37 - An unpolarized beam of light is incident on a...Ch. 37 - In a single-slit diffraction pattern, assuming...Ch. 37 - Laser light with a wavelength of 632.8 nm is...Ch. 37 - Prob. 35APCh. 37 - Two motorcycles separated laterally by 2.30 m are...Ch. 37 - The Very Large Array (VLA) is a set of 27 radio...Ch. 37 - Two wavelengths and + (with ) are incident on...Ch. 37 - Review. A beam of 541-nm light is incident on a...Ch. 37 - Prob. 40APCh. 37 - Prob. 41APCh. 37 - Prob. 42APCh. 37 - A pinhole camera has a small circular aperture of...Ch. 37 - Prob. 44APCh. 37 - Prob. 45APCh. 37 - (a) Light traveling in a medium of index of...Ch. 37 - The intensity of light in a diffraction pattern of...Ch. 37 - Prob. 48APCh. 37 - Two closely spaced wavelengths of light are...Ch. 37 - A spy satellite can consist of a large-diameter...Ch. 37 - Prob. 51CPCh. 37 - In Figure P37.52, suppose the transmission axes of...Ch. 37 - Consider a light wave passing through a slit and...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- A beam of 580-nm light passes through two closely spaced glass plates at close to normal incidence as shown in Figure P27.23. For what minimum nonzero value of the plate separation d is the transmitted light bright?arrow_forwardA plano-convex lens has index of refraction n. The curved side of the lens has radius of curvature R and rests on a flat glass surface of the same index of refraction, with a film of index nflim between them, as shown in Figure P36.42. The lens is illuminated from above by light of wavelength . Show that the dark Newtons rings have radii given approximately by r=mRnfilm where r R and m is an integer. Figure P36.42arrow_forwardLight enters a prism of crown glass and refracts at an angle of 5.00 with respect to the normal at the interface. The crown glass has a mean index of refraction of 1.51. It is combined with one flint glass prism (n = 1.65) to produce no net deviation. a. Find the apex angle of the flint glass. b. Assume the index of refraction for violet light (v = 430 nm) is nv = 1.528 and the index of refraction for red light (r = 768 nm) is nr = 1.511 for crown glass. For flint glass using the same wavelengths, nv = 1.665 and nr = 1.645. Find the net dispersion.arrow_forward
- Figure CQ27.4 shows an unbroken soap film in a circular frame. The film thickness increases from top to bottom, slowly at first and then rapidly. As a simpler model, consider a soap film (n = 1.33) contained within a rectangular wire frame. The frame is held vertically so that the film drains downward and forms a wedge with flat faces. The thickness of the film at the top is essentially zero. The film is viewed in reflected white light with near-normal incidence, and the first violet ( = 420 nm) interference band is observed 3.00 cm from the top edge of the film. (a) Locate the first red ( = 680 nm) interference band. (b) Determine the film thickness at the positions of the violet and red bands. (c) What is the wedge angle of the film?arrow_forwardA soap film, 4.5 x 10-7 m thick, is illuminated by white light normal to its surface. The index of refraction of the film is 1.50. What wavelength will be intensified in the reflected beam? 450 nm 540 nm 420 nm 675 nm 600 nmarrow_forwardIn a double-slit experiment, the optical path difference between the rays from two coherent sources at a point P on one side of the central bright band is 7.5 x 10 m and at a point Q on the other side of the central bright band is 1.8 x 10 m. How many bright and dark bands are observed between points P and Q if the wavelength of light used is 6 × 107 m?arrow_forward
- The Rayleigh criterion provides a convenient way to describe the theoretical resolution (e.g. an ability to distinguish two bright objects ) of an optical system. The criterion states that two small bright sources of light can be resolved if the first diffraction minimum of the image of one source point just coincides with of further apart then the first maximum of another (see figure below). A converging lens, 37.7 mm in diameter, is used to form images of distant objects. Considering the diffraction by the lens, what angular separation must two distant point objects have in order to satisfy Rayleigh's criterion? Assume that the wavelength of the light from the distant objects is 439 nm. Provide your answer in millidegrees (mdeg).arrow_forwardA slit of width d is placed in front of a lens of focal length 0.5 m and is illuminated normally with light of wavelength 5.89 × 107 m. The first diffraction minima on either side of the central diffraction maximum are separated by 2 × 10-³ m. The width d of the slit is m.arrow_forwardThe Rayleigh criterion provides a convenient way to describe the theoretical resolution (e.g. an ability to distinguish two bright objects ) of an optical system. The criterion states that two small bright sources of light can be resolved if the first diffraction minimum of the image of one source point just coincides with of further apart then the first maximum of another (see figure below). A converging lens, 34.2 mm in diameter, is used to form images of distant objects. Considering the diffraction by the lens, what angular separation must two distant point objects have in order to satisfy Rayleigh's criterion? Assume that the wavelength of the light from the distant objects is 431 nm. Provide your answer in millidegrees (mdeg). Answer: Choose... +arrow_forward
- A camera lens with index of refraction greater than 1.30 is coated with a thin transparent film of index of refraction 1.25 to eliminate by interference the reflection of light at wavelength l that is incident perpendicularly on the lens. What multiple of l gives the minimum film thickness needed?arrow_forwardA plano-convex lens with radius of curvature R = 3.2 m is in contact with a flat plate of glass. A light source and the observer's eye are both close to the normal, as shown in the figure below. The radius of the 51st bright Newton's ring is found to be 9.4 mm. What is the wavelength of the light produced by the source? nm 2//1 Need Help? Read It 8:36 PM 4/11/2021arrow_forwardParallel rays of green mercury light with a wavelength of 546 nm pass through a slit covering a convex lens with a focal length of 60 cm. In the focal plane of the lens, the distance from the central maximum to the first minimum is 10.2 mm. What must be the width of this slit?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...PhysicsISBN:9781133939146Author:Katz, Debora M.Publisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...PhysicsISBN:9781305116399Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...PhysicsISBN:9781337553292Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and EngineersPhysicsISBN:9781337553278Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...
Physics
ISBN:9781133939146
Author:Katz, Debora M.
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
Physics
ISBN:9781133104261
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...
Physics
ISBN:9781305116399
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...
Physics
ISBN:9781337553292
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers
Physics
ISBN:9781337553278
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Convex and Concave Lenses; Author: Manocha Academy;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CJ6aB5ULqa0;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY