Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Chapter 37, Problem 32CTQ
Oral contraceptive pills work by delivering synthetic progestins to a woman every day. Describe why this is an effective method of birth control.
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Kinetics: One-Compartment First-Order Absorption
1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple routes of administration provides greater insight than a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250-g rats following bolus IV, oral (PO), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.
Using this data and set of graphs, determine:(calculate for each variable)
(a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data
(b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data
c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data
(d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip
(e)absolute ip bioavailability, Fip
(f) absolute po bioavailability, Fpo
3. A promising new drug is being evaluated in human trials. Based on preliminary human tests, this drug is most effective when plasma levels exceed 30 mg/L. Measurements from preliminary tests indicate the following human pharmacokinetic parameter values: t1/2,elim = 4.6hr, t1/2,abs = 0.34hr, VD = 0.29 L/kg, Foral = 72%. Based on these parameters, estimate the following if a 49 kg woman were to receive a 1000mg oral dose of this drug:
(a) Estimate the plasma concentration of the drug at 1hr, 6 hr, and 20hr after taking the drug ( Concentration estimate)
(b) Estimate the time for maximum plasma concentration (tmax).
(c) Estimate the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax).
(d) Estimate the time at which the plasma level first rises above 30 mg/L. (Note this is a trial and error problem where you must guess a time, plug it into the concentration equation, and determine if it is close to 30 mg/L. Hint: based on part (a) it should be apparent that the answer is less than 1hr.)
(e)…
List substitutions in your diet you could make to improve it based on what you know now about a balanced diet. For instance, if you like to drink soda, you might substitute skim milk or water for some of the soft drinks you consumed. List the item you wish to replace with the new item and what you hope to accomplish with that substitution. Be sure to choose foods you know that you'd enjoy and you consider more "healthful." If you feel your diet is already balanced, describe how you accomplish your balanced intake and when you began eating this way.
Chapter 37 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 37 - Figure 37.5 Heat shock proteins (HSP) are so named...Ch. 37 - Figure 37.11 Pancreatic tumors may cause excess...Ch. 37 - Figure 37.14 Hyperthyroidism is a condition in...Ch. 37 - A newly discovered hormone contains four amino...Ch. 37 - Which class of hormones can diffuse through plasma...Ch. 37 - Why are steroids able to diffuse across the plasma...Ch. 37 - A new antagonist molecule has been discovered that...Ch. 37 - What effect will a cAMP inhibitor have on a...Ch. 37 - When insulin binds to its receptor, the complex is...Ch. 37 - Drinking alcoholic beverages causes an increase in...
Ch. 37 - FSH and LH release from the anterior pituitary is...Ch. 37 - What hormone is produced by beta cells of the...Ch. 37 - When blood calcium levels are low, PTH stimulates:...Ch. 37 - How would mutations that completely ablate the...Ch. 37 - A rise in blood glucose levels triggers release of...Ch. 37 - Which mechanism of hormonal stimulation would be...Ch. 37 - A scientist hypothesizes that the pancreas’s...Ch. 37 - Which endocrine glands are associated with the...Ch. 37 - Which of the following hormones is not produced by...Ch. 37 - Recent studies suggest that blue light exposure...Ch. 37 - Although there are many different hormones in the...Ch. 37 - Where is insulin stored, and why would it be...Ch. 37 - Glucagon is the peptide hormone that signals for...Ch. 37 - Name two important functions of hormone receptors.Ch. 37 - How can hormones mediate changes?Ch. 37 - Why is cAMP-mediated signal amplification not...Ch. 37 - Name and describe a function of one hormone...Ch. 37 - Describe one direct action of growth hormone (GH).Ch. 37 - Researchers have recently demonstrated that...Ch. 37 - How is hormone production and release primarily...Ch. 37 - Compare and contrast hormonal and humoral stimuli.Ch. 37 - Oral contraceptive pills work by delivering...Ch. 37 - What does aldosterone regulate, and how is it...Ch. 37 - The adrenal medulla contains two types of...Ch. 37 - How would damage to the posterior pituitary gland...
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