Physics For Scientists And Engineers: Foundations And Connections, Extended Version With Modern Physics
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781305259836
Author: Debora M. Katz
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 37, Problem 2PQ
Because you should never stare directly into the Sun, pinhole cameras are very handy for observing solar eclipses. Come up with a simple, inexpensive design for a pinhole camera that you could use to observe an eclipse. Describe your design and how you would use the camera. A sketch may be helpful.
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Question B3
Consider the following FLRW spacetime:
t2
ds² = -dt² +
(dx²
+ dy²+ dz²),
t2
where t is a constant.
a)
State whether this universe is spatially open, closed or flat.
[2 marks]
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of time t, starting at t = 0.
[3 marks]
c) Taking galaxy A to be located at (x, y, z) = (0,0,0), determine the proper distance to galaxy
B located at (x, y, z) = (L, 0, 0). Determine the recessional velocity of galaxy B with respect
to galaxy A.
d) The Friedmann equations are
2
k
8πG
а
4πG
+
a²
(p+3p).
3
a
3
[5 marks]
Use these equations to determine the energy density p(t) and the pressure p(t) for the
FLRW spacetime specified at the top of the page.
[5 marks]
e) Given the result of question B3.d, state whether the FLRW universe in question is (i)
radiation-dominated, (ii) matter-dominated, (iii) cosmological-constant-dominated, or (iv)
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f)
[5 marks]
A conformally…
SECTION B
Answer ONLY TWO questions in Section B
[Expect to use one single-sided A4 page for each Section-B sub question.]
Question B1
Consider the line element
where w is a constant.
ds²=-dt²+e2wt dx²,
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[2 marks]
b) Determine the Christoffel symbols. [See the Appendix of this document.]
[10 marks]
c)
Write down the geodesic equations.
[5 marks]
d) Show that e2wt it is a constant of geodesic motion.
[4 marks]
e)
Solve the geodesic equations for null geodesics.
[4 marks]
Chapter 37 Solutions
Physics For Scientists And Engineers: Foundations And Connections, Extended Version With Modern Physics
Ch. 37.2 - A beam in air strikes a glass ball as shown in...Ch. 37.3 - Prob. 37.2CECh. 37.4 - Prob. 37.3CECh. 37.4 - Prob. 37.4CECh. 37.6 - Prob. 37.5CECh. 37.6 - Prob. 37.6CECh. 37.6 - Prob. 37.7CECh. 37 - A camera obscura is used to form an image of a...Ch. 37 - Because you should never stare directly into the...Ch. 37 - Prob. 3PQ
Ch. 37 - Prob. 4PQCh. 37 - Prob. 5PQCh. 37 - Prob. 6PQCh. 37 - Prob. 7PQCh. 37 - Prob. 8PQCh. 37 - Prob. 9PQCh. 37 - Prob. 10PQCh. 37 - Prob. 11PQCh. 37 - Prob. 12PQCh. 37 - Prob. 13PQCh. 37 - Prob. 14PQCh. 37 - Light rays strike a plane mirror at an angle of...Ch. 37 - Prob. 16PQCh. 37 - Prob. 17PQCh. 37 - Prob. 18PQCh. 37 - Prob. 19PQCh. 37 - Prob. 20PQCh. 37 - Prob. 21PQCh. 37 - Prob. 22PQCh. 37 - Prob. 23PQCh. 37 - Prob. 24PQCh. 37 - Prob. 25PQCh. 37 - Prob. 26PQCh. 37 - Prob. 27PQCh. 37 - Prob. 28PQCh. 37 - A convex mirror with a radius of curvature of 25.0...Ch. 37 - The magnitude of the radius of curvature of a...Ch. 37 - Prob. 31PQCh. 37 - The image formed by a convex spherical mirror with...Ch. 37 - An object is placed 25.0 cm from the surface of a...Ch. 37 - Prob. 34PQCh. 37 - Prob. 35PQCh. 37 - Prob. 36PQCh. 37 - Prob. 37PQCh. 37 - Prob. 38PQCh. 37 - Prob. 39PQCh. 37 - Prob. 40PQCh. 37 - Prob. 41PQCh. 37 - Prob. 42PQCh. 37 - Prob. 43PQCh. 37 - Prob. 44PQCh. 37 - Prob. 45PQCh. 37 - Prob. 46PQCh. 37 - Prob. 47PQCh. 37 - Prob. 48PQCh. 37 - Prob. 49PQCh. 37 - Prob. 50PQCh. 37 - Prob. 51PQCh. 37 - Prob. 52PQCh. 37 - Prob. 53PQCh. 37 - Prob. 54PQCh. 37 - Prob. 55PQCh. 37 - Prob. 56PQCh. 37 - You see the image of a sign through a camera...Ch. 37 - Prob. 58PQCh. 37 - Prob. 59PQCh. 37 - Prob. 60PQCh. 37 - An object is placed midway between two concave...Ch. 37 - Prob. 62PQCh. 37 - Prob. 63PQCh. 37 - Prob. 64PQCh. 37 - Prob. 65PQCh. 37 - Prob. 66PQCh. 37 - Observe your reflection in the back of a spoon....Ch. 37 - Prob. 68PQCh. 37 - A small convex mirror and a large concave mirror...Ch. 37 - Prob. 70PQCh. 37 - Prob. 71PQCh. 37 - Prob. 72PQCh. 37 - Prob. 73PQ
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