The anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system. Introduction: The respiratory system consists of breathing organs that involve the exchange of air. It consists of a series of organs that perform the inhaling and exhaling of gases. Lungs are considered as the primary organs in the respiratory system. The main function of the respiratory system organs is to take oxygen and expel carbon dioxide. Oxygen is collected by the blood cells from the lungs and is transported to various parts of the body.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 37, Problem 1O

Summary Introduction

To describe:

The anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system.

Introduction:

The respiratory system consists of breathing organs that involve the exchange of air. It consists of a series of organs that perform the inhaling and exhaling of gases. Lungs are considered as the primary organs in the respiratory system. The main function of the respiratory system organs is to take oxygen and expel carbon dioxide. Oxygen is collected by the blood cells from the lungs and is transported to various parts of the body.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The important function of the respiratory system is to take care of the intake of oxygen and remove the carbon dioxide from the cell. It requires the involvement of organs, tissues, and muscles to perform this function. The respiratory system consists of two divisions: the upper respiratory tract and the lower respiratory tract. Upper respiratory tract (URT): It is located in the thorax or the chest cavity. The URT is composed of structures such as the nose, oropharynx, larynx, and laryngopharynx. Lower respiratory tract (LRT): It is located within the thorax and is composed of the trachea, bronchial tree segments, and the lungs.

The four main accessory structures such as the rib cage, oral cavity, rib cage muscles, and the diaphragm of the upper and lower respiratory tracts involve the overall respiration function.

In the respiration process, the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide is performed across the alveolar semipermeable membrane. During this process, the oxygen is inhaled and carbon dioxide is exhaled from the lungs. The lungs are also used to warm, filter, and humidify the air. The inhaled oxygen from the lungs is delivered to the blood vessels of the circulatory system. The oxygen molecules are transferred to the red blood cells to carry out the cellular, metabolic functions. The wastes of the circulatory system are transported back, diffuse the alveolar membrane of the lungs, and are exhaled into the air. Another important role of the respiratory system involves speech, smell, and the regulation of the pH.

Conclusion

Thus, the anatomy of the respiratory system consists of the upper and lower respiratory tract, which involves gaseous exchange (with the help of the specialized structures).

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DaVita Dietitian Reference Manual Module 7- Adequacy of Hemodialysis CASE STUDIES Case 1 David was diagnosed with chronic kidney disease a year ago, and now needs hemodialysis. At his first treatment, the nurse hooks up the bloodlines to an access in David's chest. He tells her that he had surgery on his arm three months ago so it can be used for dialysis eventually. 1. What type of access does David have for the initial treatment? 2. Is David's arm access most likely a graft or fistula? 3. What possible reasons prevent use of a fistula or graft for the first dialysis treatment? Case 2 Ramon, a hemodialysis patient for six years, has lost 1.5 kg over the past six weeks. He denies nausea or vomiting, but does admit to eating less at meals and skipping dinner some days. Current dialysis prescription is: 3 1/2 hours (210 minutes), 3 times a week, ASAHI 1050S, APS dialyzer, dialysis flow rate 800 ml/min, blood flow rate 400 ml/min. Monthly bloodwork is as follows: Date K PO4 Pre-BUN…

DaVita Dietitian Reference Manual Module 7 - Adequacy of Hemodialysis REVIEW QUESTIONS True False 1. 27 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Urea Reduction Ratio is a more accurate measurement of dialysis adequacy than Urea Kinetic Modeling. A fistula is the preferred type of vascular access. In the formula Kt/V, the V represents volume of total body water in which urea is distributed. In the formula Kt/V, time is measured in 15-minute increments, so 220 minutes would be rounded off to the nearest quarter hour. The DaVita minimum goal for adequacy is a spKt/V≥ 1.0. A measured height and accurate dry weight are required to obtain an accurate Kt/V result. A very low post BUN result usually means the patient is not eating enough protein. KRU is a measure of residual urea clearance by the patient's kidney, requiring a 24-hour urine collection. The Kt/V Delivered (single pool) is the value used for determining adequacy and comparing outcomes in DaVita facilities. Catheters are…

DaVita Dietitian Reference Manual Module 7 - Adequacy of Hemodialysis Case 3 Beverly's monthly adequacy of dialysis results came back lower than usual. Her Kt/V is 1.13. Flow sheet data reveals the following: Prescribed BFR 400, patient ran BFR 325 during treatment Blood pressure dropped to 72/58 during treatment, so UFR was turned off. Dry weight 65 kg, pre dialysis weight 69 kg, post dialysis weight 66.5 kg 1. What are DaVita's goals for Kt/V? 2. What is your impression of why the Kt/V is low? 3. What additional information would help in determining why Beverly's adequacy results were below goal?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 37, Problem 1O

Summary Introduction

To describe:

The anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system.

Introduction:

The respiratory system consists of breathing organs that involve the exchange of air. It consists of a series of organs that perform the inhaling and exhaling of gases. Lungs are considered as the primary organs in the respiratory system. The main function of the respiratory system organs is to take oxygen and expel carbon dioxide. Oxygen is collected by the blood cells from the lungs and is transported to various parts of the body.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The important function of the respiratory system is to take care of the intake of oxygen and remove the carbon dioxide from the cell. It requires the involvement of organs, tissues, and muscles to perform this function. The respiratory system consists of two divisions: the upper respiratory tract and the lower respiratory tract. Upper respiratory tract (URT): It is located in the thorax or the chest cavity. The URT is composed of structures such as the nose, oropharynx, larynx, and laryngopharynx. Lower respiratory tract (LRT): It is located within the thorax and is composed of the trachea, bronchial tree segments, and the lungs.

The four main accessory structures such as the rib cage, oral cavity, rib cage muscles, and the diaphragm of the upper and lower respiratory tracts involve the overall respiration function.

In the respiration process, the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide is performed across the alveolar semipermeable membrane. During this process, the oxygen is inhaled and carbon dioxide is exhaled from the lungs. The lungs are also used to warm, filter, and humidify the air. The inhaled oxygen from the lungs is delivered to the blood vessels of the circulatory system. The oxygen molecules are transferred to the red blood cells to carry out the cellular, metabolic functions. The wastes of the circulatory system are transported back, diffuse the alveolar membrane of the lungs, and are exhaled into the air. Another important role of the respiratory system involves speech, smell, and the regulation of the pH.

Conclusion

Thus, the anatomy of the respiratory system consists of the upper and lower respiratory tract, which involves gaseous exchange (with the help of the specialized structures).

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 37, Problem 1O

Summary Introduction

To describe:

The anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system.

Introduction:

The respiratory system consists of breathing organs that involve the exchange of air. It consists of a series of organs that perform the inhaling and exhaling of gases. Lungs are considered as the primary organs in the respiratory system. The main function of the respiratory system organs is to take oxygen and expel carbon dioxide. Oxygen is collected by the blood cells from the lungs and is transported to various parts of the body.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The important function of the respiratory system is to take care of the intake of oxygen and remove the carbon dioxide from the cell. It requires the involvement of organs, tissues, and muscles to perform this function. The respiratory system consists of two divisions: the upper respiratory tract and the lower respiratory tract. Upper respiratory tract (URT): It is located in the thorax or the chest cavity. The URT is composed of structures such as the nose, oropharynx, larynx, and laryngopharynx. Lower respiratory tract (LRT): It is located within the thorax and is composed of the trachea, bronchial tree segments, and the lungs.

The four main accessory structures such as the rib cage, oral cavity, rib cage muscles, and the diaphragm of the upper and lower respiratory tracts involve the overall respiration function.

In the respiration process, the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide is performed across the alveolar semipermeable membrane. During this process, the oxygen is inhaled and carbon dioxide is exhaled from the lungs. The lungs are also used to warm, filter, and humidify the air. The inhaled oxygen from the lungs is delivered to the blood vessels of the circulatory system. The oxygen molecules are transferred to the red blood cells to carry out the cellular, metabolic functions. The wastes of the circulatory system are transported back, diffuse the alveolar membrane of the lungs, and are exhaled into the air. Another important role of the respiratory system involves speech, smell, and the regulation of the pH.

Conclusion

Thus, the anatomy of the respiratory system consists of the upper and lower respiratory tract, which involves gaseous exchange (with the help of the specialized structures).

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 37, Problem 1O

Summary Introduction

To describe:

The anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system.

Introduction:

The respiratory system consists of breathing organs that involve the exchange of air. It consists of a series of organs that perform the inhaling and exhaling of gases. Lungs are considered as the primary organs in the respiratory system. The main function of the respiratory system organs is to take oxygen and expel carbon dioxide. Oxygen is collected by the blood cells from the lungs and is transported to various parts of the body.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The important function of the respiratory system is to take care of the intake of oxygen and remove the carbon dioxide from the cell. It requires the involvement of organs, tissues, and muscles to perform this function. The respiratory system consists of two divisions: the upper respiratory tract and the lower respiratory tract. Upper respiratory tract (URT): It is located in the thorax or the chest cavity. The URT is composed of structures such as the nose, oropharynx, larynx, and laryngopharynx. Lower respiratory tract (LRT): It is located within the thorax and is composed of the trachea, bronchial tree segments, and the lungs.

The four main accessory structures such as the rib cage, oral cavity, rib cage muscles, and the diaphragm of the upper and lower respiratory tracts involve the overall respiration function.

In the respiration process, the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide is performed across the alveolar semipermeable membrane. During this process, the oxygen is inhaled and carbon dioxide is exhaled from the lungs. The lungs are also used to warm, filter, and humidify the air. The inhaled oxygen from the lungs is delivered to the blood vessels of the circulatory system. The oxygen molecules are transferred to the red blood cells to carry out the cellular, metabolic functions. The wastes of the circulatory system are transported back, diffuse the alveolar membrane of the lungs, and are exhaled into the air. Another important role of the respiratory system involves speech, smell, and the regulation of the pH.

Conclusion

Thus, the anatomy of the respiratory system consists of the upper and lower respiratory tract, which involves gaseous exchange (with the help of the specialized structures).

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Answer 5

Chapter 37, Problem 1O

Summary Introduction

To describe:

The anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system.

Introduction:

The respiratory system consists of breathing organs that involve the exchange of air. It consists of a series of organs that perform the inhaling and exhaling of gases. Lungs are considered as the primary organs in the respiratory system. The main function of the respiratory system organs is to take oxygen and expel carbon dioxide. Oxygen is collected by the blood cells from the lungs and is transported to various parts of the body.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The important function of the respiratory system is to take care of the intake of oxygen and remove the carbon dioxide from the cell. It requires the involvement of organs, tissues, and muscles to perform this function. The respiratory system consists of two divisions: the upper respiratory tract and the lower respiratory tract. Upper respiratory tract (URT): It is located in the thorax or the chest cavity. The URT is composed of structures such as the nose, oropharynx, larynx, and laryngopharynx. Lower respiratory tract (LRT): It is located within the thorax and is composed of the trachea, bronchial tree segments, and the lungs.

The four main accessory structures such as the rib cage, oral cavity, rib cage muscles, and the diaphragm of the upper and lower respiratory tracts involve the overall respiration function.

In the respiration process, the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide is performed across the alveolar semipermeable membrane. During this process, the oxygen is inhaled and carbon dioxide is exhaled from the lungs. The lungs are also used to warm, filter, and humidify the air. The inhaled oxygen from the lungs is delivered to the blood vessels of the circulatory system. The oxygen molecules are transferred to the red blood cells to carry out the cellular, metabolic functions. The wastes of the circulatory system are transported back, diffuse the alveolar membrane of the lungs, and are exhaled into the air. Another important role of the respiratory system involves speech, smell, and the regulation of the pH.

Conclusion

Thus, the anatomy of the respiratory system consists of the upper and lower respiratory tract, which involves gaseous exchange (with the help of the specialized structures).

Answer 6

Chapter 37, Problem 1O

Summary Introduction

To describe:

The anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system.

Introduction:

The respiratory system consists of breathing organs that involve the exchange of air. It consists of a series of organs that perform the inhaling and exhaling of gases. Lungs are considered as the primary organs in the respiratory system. The main function of the respiratory system organs is to take oxygen and expel carbon dioxide. Oxygen is collected by the blood cells from the lungs and is transported to various parts of the body.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The important function of the respiratory system is to take care of the intake of oxygen and remove the carbon dioxide from the cell. It requires the involvement of organs, tissues, and muscles to perform this function. The respiratory system consists of two divisions: the upper respiratory tract and the lower respiratory tract. Upper respiratory tract (URT): It is located in the thorax or the chest cavity. The URT is composed of structures such as the nose, oropharynx, larynx, and laryngopharynx. Lower respiratory tract (LRT): It is located within the thorax and is composed of the trachea, bronchial tree segments, and the lungs.

The four main accessory structures such as the rib cage, oral cavity, rib cage muscles, and the diaphragm of the upper and lower respiratory tracts involve the overall respiration function.

In the respiration process, the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide is performed across the alveolar semipermeable membrane. During this process, the oxygen is inhaled and carbon dioxide is exhaled from the lungs. The lungs are also used to warm, filter, and humidify the air. The inhaled oxygen from the lungs is delivered to the blood vessels of the circulatory system. The oxygen molecules are transferred to the red blood cells to carry out the cellular, metabolic functions. The wastes of the circulatory system are transported back, diffuse the alveolar membrane of the lungs, and are exhaled into the air. Another important role of the respiratory system involves speech, smell, and the regulation of the pH.

Conclusion

Thus, the anatomy of the respiratory system consists of the upper and lower respiratory tract, which involves gaseous exchange (with the help of the specialized structures).

Answer 7

Chapter 37, Problem 1O

Summary Introduction

To describe:

The anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system.

Introduction:

The respiratory system consists of breathing organs that involve the exchange of air. It consists of a series of organs that perform the inhaling and exhaling of gases. Lungs are considered as the primary organs in the respiratory system. The main function of the respiratory system organs is to take oxygen and expel carbon dioxide. Oxygen is collected by the blood cells from the lungs and is transported to various parts of the body.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The important function of the respiratory system is to take care of the intake of oxygen and remove the carbon dioxide from the cell. It requires the involvement of organs, tissues, and muscles to perform this function. The respiratory system consists of two divisions: the upper respiratory tract and the lower respiratory tract. Upper respiratory tract (URT): It is located in the thorax or the chest cavity. The URT is composed of structures such as the nose, oropharynx, larynx, and laryngopharynx. Lower respiratory tract (LRT): It is located within the thorax and is composed of the trachea, bronchial tree segments, and the lungs.

The four main accessory structures such as the rib cage, oral cavity, rib cage muscles, and the diaphragm of the upper and lower respiratory tracts involve the overall respiration function.

In the respiration process, the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide is performed across the alveolar semipermeable membrane. During this process, the oxygen is inhaled and carbon dioxide is exhaled from the lungs. The lungs are also used to warm, filter, and humidify the air. The inhaled oxygen from the lungs is delivered to the blood vessels of the circulatory system. The oxygen molecules are transferred to the red blood cells to carry out the cellular, metabolic functions. The wastes of the circulatory system are transported back, diffuse the alveolar membrane of the lungs, and are exhaled into the air. Another important role of the respiratory system involves speech, smell, and the regulation of the pH.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Conclusion

Thus, the anatomy of the respiratory system consists of the upper and lower respiratory tract, which involves gaseous exchange (with the help of the specialized structures).

Answer 12

Ch. 37 - Prob. 1O Ch. 37 - Prob. 2O Ch. 37 - Prob. 3O Ch. 37 - Prob. 4O Ch. 37 - Prob. 5O Ch. 37 - Prob. 1CS Ch. 37 - Prob. 1NERQ Ch. 37 - Prob. 2NERQ Ch. 37 - Prob. 3NERQ Ch. 37 - Prob. 4NERQ

Explanation of Solution

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Chapter 37 Solutions