Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780357093795
Author: STARR
Publisher: CENGAGE LEARNING (CUSTOM)
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Textbook Question
Chapter 36, Problem 2CT
An atrial septal defect is a birth defect in which there is an opening in the septum between the left and right atria. People with such a defect typically have more than a normal amount of blood in the right atrium. Why does blood flow from left to right across the septum rather than in the opposite direction? The excess of blood can cause hypertension in one circuit. Which one?
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VSD, or ventricular septal defect, is a condition that accounts for half of all congenital cardiovascular anomalies. In this condition, a hole exists in the septum, the muscular wall between the ventricles, which allows blood from the right and left side of the heart to mix. What sort of problems might this condition cause?
The mother of a three-month-old infant was concerned because her child had little energy and did
not seem to be thriving. You examine the child and suspect the presence of a congenital cardiac
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diagnosis?
Left-to-right shunting of blood between the atria
Notching of the ribs created by dilated intercostal arteries
Decreased oxygen in the systemic circulation
Distension of the right atrium
Increased blood flow in the pulmonary circulation
Some babies are born with a heart defect in which the ventricles are connected to the wrong arteries—that is, the right ventricle sends blood to the aorta, and the left ventricle sends blood to the pulmonary trunk. What is the problem with this arrangement?
Chapter 36 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life
Ch. 36 - Prob. 1DAACh. 36 - Prob. 2DAACh. 36 - Risks of Hypertension Eleni Rapsomaniki and her...Ch. 36 - Prob. 1SQCh. 36 - Prob. 2SQCh. 36 - Prob. 3SQCh. 36 - Prob. 4SQCh. 36 - Prob. 5SQCh. 36 - Prob. 6SQCh. 36 - Blood flows directly from the left atrium to...
Ch. 36 - Contraction of the _________ drives blood out into...Ch. 36 - Blood pressure is highest in the _______ and...Ch. 36 - In a person at rest, the largest volume of blood...Ch. 36 - Which of the following has the thickest wall? a....Ch. 36 - Prob. 12SQCh. 36 - Which artery carries oxygen-poor blood?Ch. 36 - Prob. 14SQCh. 36 - Match the terms with their definition. _____ bone...Ch. 36 - Suppose a blood clot forms in the leg, then breaks...Ch. 36 - An atrial septal defect is a birth defect in which...Ch. 36 - Prob. 3CTCh. 36 - Prob. 4CT
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- Blood is pushed out of the heart through a large vessel, called the aorta. The aorta then divides into smaller and smaller blood vessels, eventually reaching vessels called capillaries. Capillaries are so small that oxygen and nutrients can diffuse across the vessel walls and into the tissues of the body, with CO2 and waste diffusing back into the blood. Let's say that the cross-sectional area of the aorta is 1 cm2 = 100 mm2. The blood pumps through the aorta at 100 mm/s but only through the capillaries at 1 mm/s. If each capillary has a cross-sectional area of 20 mm2, how many capillaries must there be in the body? Note: these numbers are not physiologically correct, but were chosen to make the math easier. The blood velocity through the aorta is closer to 300 mm/s. The capillaries have a total cross-sectional area of ~600,000 mm2 (6000 cm2), with a blood flow rate closer to 0.2 mm/s.arrow_forwardTrue or false the veins carry blood from the heart to the rest of the body?arrow_forwardCompare and contrast the structure of the heart wall with that of arteries. Which three structures are homologous?arrow_forward
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