Biology
Biology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321794260
Author: Audesirk, Teresa/ Audesirk
Publisher: Pearson College Div
Question
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Chapter 35.5, Problem 1CYL
Summary Introduction

To explain:

The role of nephron and collecting duct in controlling blood osmolarity.

Introduction

The urinary system of human is composed of paired kidneys and ureters, a urinary bladder, and a urethra. The main function of the urinary system is to produce urine and eliminate waste materials outside the body. Each human holds roughly one million microscopic nephrons in their kidney which are packed in the renal cortex. Nephrons constitute the structural and functional part of the kidney.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The role of ADH in water reabsorption.

Concept introduction

Antidiuretic hormone maintains the blood pressure, blood volume and tissue water content by managing the amount of water. Kidney function adjusts continuously to maintain homeostasis. Hormone-like antidiuretic hormone (ADH) helps the kidney to maintain homeostasis. ADH triggers the reabsorption of more water from the distal convoluted tubules and collecting duct so the urine becomes more concentrated.

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The process by which kidneys help to control blood pH, blood pressure, and blood oxygen content.

Concept introduction

The urinary system of a human is composed of paired kidneys and ureters, a urinary bladder, and a urethra. The main function of the urinary system is to produce urine and eliminate waste materials outside the body. Each human holds roughly one million microscopic nephrons in their kidney which are packed in the renal cortex. The urinary system also helps in regulating blood volume, blood pH and electrolyte levels in the human body.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The process by which mammalian kidneys are adapted to the wet and dry environment.

Concept introduction

The kidney is an important part of the mammalian urinary system which helps in the formation of urine. The urinary system is composed of paired kidneys and ureters, a urinary bladder, and a urethra. The main function of the urinary system is to produce urine and eliminate waste materials outside the body.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The process by which the urinary systems of freshwater and saltwater fishes differ. Give reasons.

Concept introduction

The fishes live in both freshwater and saltwater bodies. The saltwater bodies have more dissolved salt than the freshwater bodies. The fishes living in saltwater and freshwater bodies have different mechanisms of water regulation.

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Question #3: In the KeyGene paper, the authors state that it would be useful if pollen from an apomict would transmit apomixis-inducing genes to the female in the cross (assuming the pollen is viable). Assuming there was just one gene conferring gametophytic obligate apomixis, and that the two parents are inbreds, what would be the consequences of such a cross if: a) The apomixis was a dominant trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the parental cross. b) The apomixis was a recessive trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the…
Question #5: Assume that two genes are identified that confer gametophytic facultative apomixis in soybean. The genes show independent assortment. Recessive alleles at both loci are required for the facultative apomixis. Facultative apomixis is triggered when the temperature at pollination is above 20 degrees C. At temperatures below 20 degrees C, all reproduction is sexual, independent of genotype. A facultative apomict male, capable of producing viable pollen, was crossed with a sexually reproducing female. Assuming the parents are completely inbred, what are the predicted phenotypic ratios (apomict: non-apomict) for the F1, F2, and DH (F1-derived) generations at each of the following temperatures*: a) 15°C? b) 25°C? *for full credit, show crosses and genotypes where appropriate. Remember to position the female first (left side) in the cross. Type your answer here:
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