Campbell Biology in Focus
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134710679
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Rebecca Orr
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 35.2, Problem 1CC
Summary Introduction
To draw:
A sketch of B cell antigen receptor and to label the V and C regions, antigen binding sites, disulfide bridges and transmembrane region located relative to these regions.
Introduction:
A B-cell antigen receptor is a protein which is a Y-shaped structure. It consists of four poly-peptide chains, the two-heavy chains and two-light chains. The chains are linked by disulphide bridges.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
DRAW IT Sketch a B cell antigen receptor. Label the Vand C regions of the light and heavy chains. Label theantigen-binding sites, disulfide bridges, and transmembrane region. Where are these features located relativeto the V and C regions?
Why is the response to T-independent antigens important medically?
Consider a pencil-shaped protein with two epitopes, Y (the “eraser” end) and Z (the “point” end). They are recognized by antibodies A1 and A2, respectively. Draw and label a picture showing the antibodies linking proteins into a complex that could trigger endocytosis by a macrophage.
Chapter 35 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus
Ch. 35.1 - Pus is both a sign of infection and an indicator...Ch. 35.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How do the molecules that...Ch. 35.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 35.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 35.2 - Explain how memory cells strengthen the immune...Ch. 35.2 - WHAT IF? If both copies of a light-chain gene and...Ch. 35.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 35.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 35.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 35 - Prob. 1TYU
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Write T if the statement is correct; write F if the statement is not correct. P and E selectins are expressed by endothelial cells. " " TCRs consist of heavy and light chains. " " A disulfide bond can be found on TCRs. " " The antigen binding site in TCRs is contributed by the variable region of the H chain and the variable region of the light chain. " " CD4, but not CD8, interacts with Lck. " "arrow_forwardAnswer c onlyarrow_forwardThe ends of each heavy chain and light chain in an immunoglobulin make up the antigen-binding sites. The end of one of these chains is shown here. Biochemists tend to classify protein structures into four groups: mostly alpha, mostly beta, mixed alpha and beta, or neither alpha nor beta. Based on the model shown here, how would you classify this part of the immunoglobulin protein? The loopy polypeptide segments at the very top of the structure shown are the segments that actually contact the antigen. Would you expect these binding segments to be rigid or flexible?arrow_forward
- What physiological effect would you predict from a mutation that replacedwith serine the cysteine in the constant part of the immunoglobulin lightchain that is involved in disulfide-bond formation with the heavy chain?(as shown)arrow_forwardB cells express a complement receptor that binds to C3b cleavage products, such as iC3b and C3dg. When a B cell with an antigen receptor that specifically recognizes that pathogen also has its complement receptor stimulated because the pathogen is opsonized with these C3 fragments, B cell activation is greatly enhanced. Due to this mechanism, B cells can be activated by much lower concentrations of antigen (in this case, the pathogen) than if the antigen is devoid of complement components. This mechanism functions to: Ensure that pathogens are readily detected by the adaptive immune system before they replicate to high levels in the host Prevent B cells from being activated in response to antigens that are not pathogens Allow B cells to phagocytose the pathogen and help destroy it Induce increased rounds of B cell replication to make more pathogen-specific B cells Allow the B cell to block pathogen replication by interfering with multiple pathogen surface functionsarrow_forwardClass II MHC proteins display what kind of antigens? What class of T cell recognizes antigens bound to class II MHC? What types of cells display these proteins?arrow_forward
- Describe in chronological order the steps involved in the recruitment of neutrophils to infected tissue sites during an innate immune response. Use the following terms in your description: rolling adhesion, tight binding, extravasation, migration, inflammatory mediators, integrins, adhesion molecules, chemokines, selectins, sialyl-Lewisx, and basement membrane proteases.arrow_forwardWrite T if the statement is correct; write F if the statement is not correct. Antigen fragments that bind to MHC class I molecules are typically in endosomes. " " TAP1 and TAP2 are present on the plasma membrane of APCs. " " Proteasomes process antigens within the endoplasmic reticulum. " " Newly synthesized MHC class I molecules can be found within endosomes. " " Newly synthesized MHC class I α chains assemble in the ER with calnexin. " "arrow_forwardName two antigen-presenting cells. What is their role in the adaptive immune system? Which classes of MHC proteins do they express and why is this important?arrow_forward
- About Antigen presenting cells, it is CORRECT to affirm that: a). Macrophages, B lymphocytes and dendritic cells are APCs. meaning they express MHC-ll. b). Only APCs present MHC-11. c). Macrophages,B lymphocytes and dendritic cells are phagocytes, but not APCs.d). All the non-APC cells of our body present MHC-1.arrow_forwardMatch the term with its correct description Long, flexible molecule expressed on B-cells, macrophages and FDC which binds to C3d B-cell co-receptor Cognate pair Rapidly dividing cell which is going through somatic hypermutation Slowly dividing cell which searches for antigen match on FDC ✓Choose... CR2 Centrocyte CR2, CD19, CD81 TFH cell and B-cell which recognize same antigen Centroblast Choose... Choose... Sarrow_forwardEhrlich's original idea of the selective theory for lymphocyte specificity postulated that a lymphocyte expresses many different antigen-specific receptors, with a foreign antigen or pathogen "selecting" one specific receptor. We now know that the outcome of clonal selection for B cells is the secretion of many copies of the same B-cell receptor in the form of a soluble antibody (humoral immunity). In what specific way was Ehrlich's original theory later refined? What are the challenges to aligning Ehrlich's original model with the above observation of humoral immunity? Does our current model of clonal selection fit this observation any better?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage LearningHuman Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
- Human Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage LearningHuman Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781337392938
Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
Biology
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305112100
Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...
Biology
ISBN:9781285866932
Author:Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Immune System and Immune Response Animation; Author: Medical Sciences Animations;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JDdbUBXPKc4;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Immune response: summary; Author: Dr Bhavsar Biology;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ADANgHkX4OY;License: Standard Youtube License