Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences (MindTap Course List)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781337613316
Author: Frederick J Gravetter, Lori-Ann B. Forzano
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 3.5, Problem 9LO
Define an artifact and explain how examples of artifacts (experimenter bias, demand characteristics, and reactivity) can threaten both the validity and reliability of measurement and how they can influence the results of a research study.
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U.S. Department of Transportation
As an auto insurance risk analyst, it is your job to research risk profiles for various types of drivers. One common area of concern for auto insurance companies
is the risk involved when offering policies to younger, less experienced drivers. The U.S. Department of Transportation recently conducted a study in which it
analyzed the relationship between 1) the number of fatal accidents per 1000 licenses, and 2) the percentage of licensed drivers under the age of 21 in a sample
of 42 cities.
Your first step in the analysis is to construct a scatterplot of the data.
FIGURE. SCATTERPLOT FOR U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORATION PROBLEM
U.S. Department of Transportation
The Relationship Between Fatal Accident Frequency and Driver Age
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4.
3.5
3.
2.5
1.5
0.5
0.
6.
8
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16
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Percentage of drivers under age 21
pon visual inspection, you determine that the variables do have a linear relationship. After a linear pattern has been established visually, you…
Chapter 3 Solutions
Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 3.1 - Define a construct and explain the role that...Ch. 3.1 - Define an operational definition and explain the...Ch. 3.2 - Define a positive relationship and a negative...Ch. 3.2 - Define the validity of measurement and explain why...Ch. 3.2 - Define the reliability of measurement and explain...Ch. 3.3 - Compare and contrast the four scales of...Ch. 3.4 - Identify the three modalities of measurement and...Ch. 3.5 - Define a ceiling effect and a floor effect and...Ch. 3.5 - Define an artifact and explain how examples of...Ch. 3 - In addition to the key words, you should also be...
Ch. 3 - Hypothetical concepts, such as honesty, are...Ch. 3 - Briefly explain what an operational definition is...Ch. 3 - A researcher evaluates a new cholesterol...Ch. 3 - A clinical researcher has developed a new test for...Ch. 3 - Suppose that a social scientist has developed a...Ch. 3 - Explain how inter-rater reliability is...Ch. 3 - A researcher claims that intelligence can be...Ch. 3 - For each of the following operational definitions,...Ch. 3 - In this chapter we identified four scales of...Ch. 3 - Select one construct from the following list:...Ch. 3 - Describe the relative strengths and weaknesses of...Ch. 3 - What is a ceiling effect, and how can it be a...Ch. 3 - Explain how an artifact can limit the validity and...Ch. 3 - What are demand characteristics, and how do they...Ch. 3 - Describe how the concept of participant reactivity...
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