Physics for Science and Engineering With Modern Physics, VI - Student Study Guide
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780132273244
Author: Doug Giancoli
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 35, Problem 49P
To determine
The angle at which X rays be directed to first maxima.
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Students have asked these similar questions
10. A light ray of given wavelength, initially in air, strikes a 90°
prism at P (see Fig. 39-53) and is refracted there and at Q to
such an extent that it just grazes the right-hand prism surface
at Q. (a) Determine the index of retraction of the prism for
this wavelength in terms of the angle of incidence , that
gives rise to this situation. (b) Give a numerical upper bound
for the index of refraction of the prism. Show, by ray dia-
grams, what happens if the angle of incidence at P is
(c) slightly greater or (d) slightly less than 0₁.
90
FIGURE 39-53. Problem 10.
X-rays of wavelength 0.138 nm fall on a crystal whoseatoms, lying in planes, are spaced 0.285 nm apart. At whatangle Φ (relative to the surface, Fig. 25–38) must the X-rays bedirected if the first diffraction maximum is to be observed?
A beam of x-ray is diffracted by a crystal. If the glancing angle is 8for second order and the separation between two atomic planes is 2.25 x 10^-10 m,calculate the wavelength of the incident X-ray.
Chapter 35 Solutions
Physics for Science and Engineering With Modern Physics, VI - Student Study Guide
Ch. 35.1 - Single-slit diffraction maximum. Light of...Ch. 35.4 - Green light (550 nm) passes through a...Ch. 35.5 - What is the resolving power of a microscope with a...Ch. 35.10 - Prob. 1DECh. 35.11 - CONCEPTUAL EXAMPLE 3514 Three Polaroids. We saw in...Ch. 35 - Radio waves and light are both electromagnetic...Ch. 35 - Hold one hand close to your eye and focus on a...Ch. 35 - Explain why diffraction patterns are more...Ch. 35 - For diffraction by a single slit, what is the...Ch. 35 - Describe the single-slit diffraction pattern...
Ch. 35 - What happens to the diffraction pattern of a...Ch. 35 - In the single-slit diffraction pattern, why does...Ch. 35 - Discuss the similarities, and differences, of...Ch. 35 - Figure 3510 shows a two-slit interference pattern...Ch. 35 - When both diffraction and interference are taken...Ch. 35 - Does diffraction limit the resolution of images...Ch. 35 - Give at least two advantages for the use of large...Ch. 35 - Atoms have diameters of about 108 cm. Can visible...Ch. 35 - Which color of visible light would give the best...Ch. 35 - Could a diffraction grating just as well be called...Ch. 35 - Suppose light consisting of wavelengths between...Ch. 35 - What is the difference in the interference...Ch. 35 - White light strikes (a) a diffraction grating and...Ch. 35 - Explain why there are tiny peaks between the main...Ch. 35 - What does polarization tell us about the nature of...Ch. 35 - How can you tell if a pair of sunglasses is...Ch. 35 - Prob. 23QCh. 35 - (I) If 680-nm light falls on a slit 0.0365 mm...Ch. 35 - (I) Monochromatic light falls on a slit that is...Ch. 35 - (II) Light of wavelength 580 nm falls on a slit...Ch. 35 - (II) Consider microwaves which are incident...Ch. 35 - (II) If parallel light falls on a single slit of...Ch. 35 - (II) Monochromatic light of wavelength 633 nm...Ch. 35 - (II) If a slit diffracts 580-nm light so that the...Ch. 35 - (II) (a) For a given wavelength , what is the...Ch. 35 - (II) When blue light of wavelength 440 nm falls on...Ch. 35 - (II) A single slit 1.0 mm wide is illuminated by...Ch. 35 - (II) Coherent light from a laser diode is emitted...Ch. 35 - (II) If you double the width of a single slit, the...Ch. 35 - (II) Light of wavelength 750 nm passes through a...Ch. 35 - (II) If a double-slit pattern contains exactly...Ch. 35 - (II) Design a double-slit apparatus so that the...Ch. 35 - (II) 605-nm light passes through a pair of slits...Ch. 35 - (II) Two 0.010-mm-wide slits are 0.030mm apart...Ch. 35 - (II) Suppose d = D in a double-slit apparatus, so...Ch. 35 - (II) In a double-slit experiment, let d = 5.00D =...Ch. 35 - (II) How many fringes are contained in the central...Ch. 35 - (I) What is the angular resolution limit (degrees)...Ch. 35 - (II) Two stars 16 light-years away are barely...Ch. 35 - (II) The nearest neighboring star to the Sun is...Ch. 35 - (II) If you shine a flashlight beam toward the...Ch. 35 - (II) Suppose that you wish to construct a...Ch. 35 - (II) The normal lens on a 35-mm camera has a focal...Ch. 35 - (I) At what angle will 480-nm light produce a...Ch. 35 - (I) A source produces first-order lines when...Ch. 35 - (I) A 3500-line/cm grating produces a third-order...Ch. 35 - (I) A grating has 6800 lines/cm. How many spectral...Ch. 35 - (II) How many lines per centimeter does a grating...Ch. 35 - (II) Red laser light from a He-Ne laser ( = 632.8...Ch. 35 - (II) White light containing wavelengths from 410...Ch. 35 - (II) A diffraction grating has 6.0 l05 lines/m....Ch. 35 - (II) A tungstenhalogen bulb emits a continuous...Ch. 35 - (II) Show that the second- and third-order spectra...Ch. 35 - (II) Two first-order spectrum lines are measured...Ch. 35 - (II) Suppose the angles measured in Problem 40...Ch. 35 - (II) The first-order line of 589-nm light falling...Ch. 35 - Prob. 43PCh. 35 - (II) Missing orders occur for a diffraction...Ch. 35 - (II) A 6500-line/cm diffraction grating is 3.18 cm...Ch. 35 - (II) A diffraction grating has 16,000 rulings in...Ch. 35 - (II) Let 580-nm light be incident normally on a...Ch. 35 - Prob. 49PCh. 35 - (II) First-order Bragg diffraction is observed at...Ch. 35 - Prob. 51PCh. 35 - (I) Two polarizers are oriented at 65 to one...Ch. 35 - (I) Two Polaroids are aligned so that the light...Ch. 35 - (I) What is Brewsters angle for an airglass (n =...Ch. 35 - (I) What is Brewsters angle for a diamond...Ch. 35 - (II) The critical angle for total internal...Ch. 35 - (II) At what angle should the axes of two...Ch. 35 - (II) Two polarizers are oriented at 36.0 to one...Ch. 35 - (II) What would Brewsters angle be for reflections...Ch. 35 - (II) Unpolarized light passes through six...Ch. 35 - (II) Two polarizers A and B are aligned so that...Ch. 35 - (III) The percent polarization P of a partially...Ch. 35 - When violet light of wavelength 415 nm falls on a...Ch. 35 - A series of polarizers are each placed at a 10...Ch. 35 - The wings of a certain beetle have a series of...Ch. 35 - A teacher stands well back from an outside doorway...Ch. 35 - Light is incident on a diffraction grating with...Ch. 35 - How many lines per centimeter must a grating have...Ch. 35 - When yellow sodium light, = 589 nm, falls on a...Ch. 35 - Prob. 70GPCh. 35 - (a) How far away can a human eye distinguish two...Ch. 35 - A laser beam passes through a slit of width 1.0 cm...Ch. 35 - Prob. 73GPCh. 35 - At what angle above the horizon is the Sun when...Ch. 35 - Unpolarized light tails on two polarizer sheets...Ch. 35 - Al what angle should the axes of two Polaroids be...Ch. 35 - Four polarizers are placed in succession with...Ch. 35 - Spy planes fly at extremely high altitudes (25 km)...Ch. 35 - Two polarizers are oriented at 48 to each other...Ch. 35 - Prob. 81GPCh. 35 - The Hubble Space Telescope with an objective...Ch. 35 - The Earth and Moon are separated by about 400 106...Ch. 35 - A slit of width D = 22 m is cut through a thin...
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- The structure of the NaCl crystal forms reflecting planes 0.541 nm apart. What is the smallest angle, measured from these planes, at which X-ray diffraction can be observed, if X-rays of wavelength 0.085 nm are used?arrow_forwardAs a single crystal is rotated in an x-ray spectrometer (Fig. 3.22a), many parallel planes of atoms besides AA and BB produce strong diffracted beams. Two such planes are shown in Figure P3.38. (a) Determine geometrically the interplanar spacings d1 and d2 in terms of d0. (b) Find the angles (with respect to the surface plane AA) of the n = 1, 2, and 3 intensity maxima from planes with spacing d1. Let = 0.626 and d0 = 4.00 . Note that a given crystal structure (for example, cubic) has interplanar spacings with characteristic ratios, which produce characteristic diffraction patterns. In this way, measurement of the angular position of diffracted x-rays may be used to infer the crystal structure. Figure P3.38 Atomic planes in a cubic lattice.arrow_forward(1), A light wave is incident upon an air/glass (ZF13, n=1.78 @ 632.8 nm) interface at an angle of incidence 0-60°. The incident electric field can be described by: 8-(18+,+,) √√√3 e,+e, cos(at-k), where k = -- 2 The x, y and z directions are depicted in the Figure Ꮎ Air Glass (a) What fractions of the input power are in the TE and TM components, respectively, of the input wave? (b) What fraction of the incident wave power is transmitted?arrow_forward
- 1)Tungsten (W) crystallizes in cubic structure. Side length of the unit cell of this crystal structure a=3.1648 Å. When the X-ray diffraction experiment is perfomed, scattering occurs from the following planes: (110), (200), (211), (220), (310), (222), (321), (400), (411), (420), (332), (431) a) Which of the x-rays scattered from the (110) and (200) planes has the greatest intensity? Hint: The intensity of the x-ray emitted from any atonm decreases as the scattering angle increases. Also note that 2/2d = sine. b) Calculate the structure factor Fh1 for this crystal structure for the (110) and (200) planes. Here the scattering factor is fw(110)=58 and fw(200)=51. In this crystal structure, two W atoms are in (0,0,0) and (0.5,0.5,0.5) positions, respectivelyarrow_forward(i) The utilized reflecting plane of a lithium fluoride analyzing crystal has a interplanardistance of 2.5 A degree. calculate the wavelength of second order diffracted line which has aglancing angle of 60 degree.(ii) Why thermistors are used in thermal conductivity analyzer as a heat sensing elements?arrow_forward(iii) For quarter-wave film thickness, show that for normal incidence, 2 nons R = nons + narrow_forward
- (b) A grating having 5000 lines per cm is used under normal incidence of light. What will happen to the observed spectrum if 90% of the ruled width of the grating is covered?arrow_forwardX-ray diffraction in potassium chloride (KCI) results in a first- X rays graze the crys- tal plane at 8.5°. Find the spacing between crystal planes. order maximum when 97-pm-wavelengtharrow_forward(i) Two slits in Young's double slit experiments have width in ratio 1 : 25. Determine the ratio of intensity at the maxima and minima in the interference pattern.arrow_forward
- (e) Unpolarized light is passed through three successive polarizing filters, each with its transmission axis at 45° to the preceding filter. What percentage of light gets through? [Hint: The answer is not zero, paradoxicalarrow_forwardThe diamond has a face-centered cubic crystal lattice, and there are eight atoms in a unit cell. Its density is 3.51 g cm -3 Calculate the first six angles at which reflections would be ob tained using an X-ray beam of wavelength 7.12 pm.arrow_forwardNeeds Complete typed solution with 100 % accuracy.arrow_forward
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