
Concept explainers
To describe: Three specializations of the plant organs and plant cells that help them to adapt their life on the land.
Introduction: Vascular plants, also called tracheophytes, form a large group of plants that use specialized tissues for transporting water and food to several parts in the plant.

Explanation of Solution
There are three essential organs of the vascular plants such as the leaves, stems, and roots. Also, there are various plant cells that help in the adaptations of plants on land. For example: the parenchyma cells, sclerenchyma cells, collenchyma cells, the xylem’s water-conducting cells, and phloem’s sugar-conducting cells.
The three specializations of the plants are as follows:
1. Roots: Roots are present in the soil, where it helps in absorbing the water and minerals and stores the carbohydrates. At first, the roots forms primary roots, and then it forms the lateral roots. For acquiring the nutrients and other substances, root hairs are essential, which are beneath the soil.
2. Stems: It is an organ of the plant that comprises the buds and leaves. The most important function of the stem is in elongating and orienting the shoot, so that it would initiate photosynthesis at a maximum rate. The stem consists of internodes, nodes, axillary buds, and the apical buds.
3. Collenchyma cells: These are the cells that are elongated generally and possess thicker primary walls. The walls are thicker than the parenchymatous cells. These cells are essential for supporting the young parts of the shoots of the plants. These cells help in providing support (flexible) without restraining the growth of the plant.
The three essential organs of the vascular plants are leaves, stems, and roots; the three essential plant cells are parenchyma cells, sclerenchyma cells, and collenchyma cells, which help them in adapting their life on the land.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 35 Solutions
Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Standalone Access Card -- for Campbell Biology (10th Edition)
- You intend to insert patched dominant negative DNA into the left half of the neural tube of a chick. 1) Which side of the neural tube would you put the positive electrode to ensure that the DNA ends up on the left side? 2) What would be the internal (within the embryo) control for this experiment? 3) How can you be sure that the electroporation method itself is not impacting the embryo? 4) What would you do to ensure that the electroporation is working? How can you tell?arrow_forwardDescribe a method to document the diffusion path and gradient of Sonic Hedgehog through the chicken embryo. If modifying the protein, what is one thing you have to consider in regards to maintaining the protein’s function?arrow_forwardThe following table is from Kumar et. al. Highly Selective Dopamine D3 Receptor (DR) Antagonists and Partial Agonists Based on Eticlopride and the D3R Crystal Structure: New Leads for Opioid Dependence Treatment. J. Med Chem 2016.arrow_forward
- The following figure is from Caterina et al. The capsaicin receptor: a heat activated ion channel in the pain pathway. Nature, 1997. Black boxes indicate capsaicin, white circles indicate resinferatoxin. You are a chef in a fancy new science-themed restaurant. You have a recipe that calls for 1 teaspoon of resinferatoxin, but you feel uncomfortable serving foods with "toxins" in them. How much capsaicin could you substitute instead?arrow_forwardWhat protein is necessary for packaging acetylcholine into synaptic vesicles?arrow_forward1. Match each vocabulary term to its best descriptor A. affinity B. efficacy C. inert D. mimic E. how drugs move through body F. how drugs bind Kd Bmax Agonist Antagonist Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamicsarrow_forward
- 50 mg dose of a drug is given orally to a patient. The bioavailability of the drug is 0.2. What is the volume of distribution of the drug if the plasma concentration is 1 mg/L? Be sure to provide units.arrow_forwardDetermine Kd and Bmax from the following Scatchard plot. Make sure to include units.arrow_forwardChoose a catecholamine neurotransmitter and describe/draw the components of the synapse important for its signaling including synthesis, packaging into vesicles, receptors, transporters/degradative enzymes. Describe 2 drugs that can act on this system.arrow_forward
- The following figure is from Caterina et al. The capsaicin receptor: a heat activated ion channel in the pain pathway. Nature, 1997. Black boxes indicate capsaicin, white circles indicate resinferatoxin. a) Which has a higher potency? b) Which is has a higher efficacy? c) What is the approximate Kd of capsaicin in uM? (you can round to the nearest power of 10)arrow_forwardWhat is the rate-limiting-step for serotonin synthesis?arrow_forwardWhat enzyme is necessary for synthesis of all of the monoamines?arrow_forward
- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage LearningConcepts of BiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168116Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James WisePublisher:OpenStax College
- Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap...BiologyISBN:9781337408332Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax




