Some of the microbial life is free-living, while some microbes actively or under certain conditions need a host to meet all their nutrient requirements and to actively replicate. The microbes that cause disease or harm to the host are termed to be pathogens. The pathogens usually cause infection in the host that trigger immune mechanism against the pathogens.

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Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 35, Problem 1CHI

Summary Introduction

Some of the microbial life is free-living, while some microbes actively or under certain conditions need a host to meet all their nutrient requirements and to actively replicate. The microbes that cause disease or harm to the host are termed to be pathogens. The pathogens usually cause infection in the host that trigger immune mechanism against the pathogens.

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Explanation of Solution

The parasites are the organisms that thrive on the taking the nutrients from other organism and harm the host organisms. The parasites range from viruses, prokaryotes, and eukaryotes. Though some parasites solely depend on the host organism for their existence will harm the host. Yet, some parasite depends upon the host only for their benefit and may cause little or no harm to the host. Hence, all parasites need not to be parasites.

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1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple different routes of administration provides greater insight than just a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250 g rats following bolus iv, oral (po), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.Using this data and set of graphs, determine: (a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data (b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data (c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data (d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip (e) absolute po bioavailability, (f)Fpo absolute ip bioavailability, Fip MAKE SURE ANSWERS HAVE UNITS if appropriate. SHOW ALL WORK, including equation used, variables used and each step to your solution.

2. Drug quantification from plasma is commonly performed by using techniques such as HPLC or LC/MS. However, these methods do have limitations, and investigators may choose to use a radiolabeled analog of a drug instead. Radioligands are molecules that contain radioactive isotopes, commonly 3H or 14C. This technique allows investigators to quantify drug concentration from radiation measurements. The following measurements were made in 250 g rats following oral administration of 18.2 µCi of a 14C-labeled drug of interest: Time (min) Plasma Radiation Levels (µCi/L) 0 0.0 2 9.7 4 19.2 7 25.3 9 37.8 12 39.6 14 45.8 17 48.8 20 52.0 25 56.4 30 59.2 35 60.1 40 61.1 45 62.1 50 62.8 60 63.1 70 62.1 80 60.1 90 57.3 100 55.5 110 53.7 120 52.2 150 48.0 180 45.0 240 39.0 Note that a µCi is a measure of the amount of radioactivity and hence is a measure of the amount of drug present. Given that the oral bioavailability of this drug is known to be essentially 100%, estimate the following from this…

The current nutrition labelling regulation in Hong Kong requires food manufacturer to list E+7 information on the package of pre-packaged food products. Do you think that more nutrients, such as calcium and cholesterol, shall be included?

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 35, Problem 1CHI

Summary Introduction

Some of the microbial life is free-living, while some microbes actively or under certain conditions need a host to meet all their nutrient requirements and to actively replicate. The microbes that cause disease or harm to the host are termed to be pathogens. The pathogens usually cause infection in the host that trigger immune mechanism against the pathogens.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The parasites are the organisms that thrive on the taking the nutrients from other organism and harm the host organisms. The parasites range from viruses, prokaryotes, and eukaryotes. Though some parasites solely depend on the host organism for their existence will harm the host. Yet, some parasite depends upon the host only for their benefit and may cause little or no harm to the host. Hence, all parasites need not to be parasites.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 35, Problem 1CHI

Summary Introduction

Some of the microbial life is free-living, while some microbes actively or under certain conditions need a host to meet all their nutrient requirements and to actively replicate. The microbes that cause disease or harm to the host are termed to be pathogens. The pathogens usually cause infection in the host that trigger immune mechanism against the pathogens.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The parasites are the organisms that thrive on the taking the nutrients from other organism and harm the host organisms. The parasites range from viruses, prokaryotes, and eukaryotes. Though some parasites solely depend on the host organism for their existence will harm the host. Yet, some parasite depends upon the host only for their benefit and may cause little or no harm to the host. Hence, all parasites need not to be parasites.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 35, Problem 1CHI

Summary Introduction

Some of the microbial life is free-living, while some microbes actively or under certain conditions need a host to meet all their nutrient requirements and to actively replicate. The microbes that cause disease or harm to the host are termed to be pathogens. The pathogens usually cause infection in the host that trigger immune mechanism against the pathogens.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The parasites are the organisms that thrive on the taking the nutrients from other organism and harm the host organisms. The parasites range from viruses, prokaryotes, and eukaryotes. Though some parasites solely depend on the host organism for their existence will harm the host. Yet, some parasite depends upon the host only for their benefit and may cause little or no harm to the host. Hence, all parasites need not to be parasites.

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Answer 5

Chapter 35, Problem 1CHI

Summary Introduction

Some of the microbial life is free-living, while some microbes actively or under certain conditions need a host to meet all their nutrient requirements and to actively replicate. The microbes that cause disease or harm to the host are termed to be pathogens. The pathogens usually cause infection in the host that trigger immune mechanism against the pathogens.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The parasites are the organisms that thrive on the taking the nutrients from other organism and harm the host organisms. The parasites range from viruses, prokaryotes, and eukaryotes. Though some parasites solely depend on the host organism for their existence will harm the host. Yet, some parasite depends upon the host only for their benefit and may cause little or no harm to the host. Hence, all parasites need not to be parasites.

Answer 6

Chapter 35, Problem 1CHI

Summary Introduction

Some of the microbial life is free-living, while some microbes actively or under certain conditions need a host to meet all their nutrient requirements and to actively replicate. The microbes that cause disease or harm to the host are termed to be pathogens. The pathogens usually cause infection in the host that trigger immune mechanism against the pathogens.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The parasites are the organisms that thrive on the taking the nutrients from other organism and harm the host organisms. The parasites range from viruses, prokaryotes, and eukaryotes. Though some parasites solely depend on the host organism for their existence will harm the host. Yet, some parasite depends upon the host only for their benefit and may cause little or no harm to the host. Hence, all parasites need not to be parasites.

Answer 7

Chapter 35, Problem 1CHI

Summary Introduction

Some of the microbial life is free-living, while some microbes actively or under certain conditions need a host to meet all their nutrient requirements and to actively replicate. The microbes that cause disease or harm to the host are termed to be pathogens. The pathogens usually cause infection in the host that trigger immune mechanism against the pathogens.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The parasites are the organisms that thrive on the taking the nutrients from other organism and harm the host organisms. The parasites range from viruses, prokaryotes, and eukaryotes. Though some parasites solely depend on the host organism for their existence will harm the host. Yet, some parasite depends upon the host only for their benefit and may cause little or no harm to the host. Hence, all parasites need not to be parasites.

Answer 9

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Answer 10

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Answer 11

Ch. 35.1 - MICRO INQUIRY What physical and chemical methods...Ch. 35.1 - MICRO INQUIRY During which stages does the host...Ch. 35.1 - Define infection, infectious disease,...Ch. 35.1 - What factors determine the outcome of most...Ch. 35.1 - Why would a psychrophile not be a human pathogen?Ch. 35.1 - What are some important characteristics of a...Ch. 35.1 - Prob. 5RIA Ch. 35.1 - How would you determine the ID50 of a suspected...Ch. 35.1 - What is an obligate intracellular pathogen? How...Ch. 35.1 - Prob. 8RIA

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