Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780357093795
Author: STARR
Publisher: CENGAGE LEARNING (CUSTOM)
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Chapter 35, Problem 11SQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction: The functioning of the muscles weakens when there is a disturbance in the signaling of the motor neurons. When an action potential reaches the neuromuscular junction, it causes the release of the acetylcholine (ACh).
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Chapter 35 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life
Ch. 35 - Prob. 1DAACh. 35 - Prob. 2DAACh. 35 - Prob. 3DAACh. 35 - Prob. 4DAACh. 35 - An endoskeleton consists of _________. a. a fluid...Ch. 35 - Prob. 2SQCh. 35 - Prob. 3SQCh. 35 - A ligament connects ________. a. bones at a joint...Ch. 35 - Prob. 5SQCh. 35 - The ___ attaches to the pelvic girdle. a. radius...
Ch. 35 - The ________ is the basic unit of contraction. a....Ch. 35 - In sarcomeres, phosphate-group transfers from ATP...Ch. 35 - A sarcomere shortens when ________. a. thick...Ch. 35 - Prob. 10SQCh. 35 - Prob. 11SQCh. 35 - A motor unit is _________. a. a muscle and the...Ch. 35 - _______ from a motor neuron excites a muscle...Ch. 35 - The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores and releases...Ch. 35 - Match the words with their defining feature. _____...Ch. 35 - Continued strenuous activity can cause lactate to...Ch. 35 - After death, calcium pumps no longer function and...Ch. 35 - Bully whippets are homozygous for a deletion of...Ch. 35 - Athletes tend to have stronger bones than...
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- What event causes a troponin-tropomyosin complex to regain its original shape in muscle relaxation? a. stimulation of ACh receptors b. diffusion of Na+ back into transverse tubules c. return of Ca2+ into the sarcoplasmic reticulum d. breaking of the bond with tropomyosinarrow_forwardMuscle relaxation occurs when ________. a. calcium ions are actively transported out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum b. calcium ions diffuse out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum c. calcium ions are actively transported into the sarcoplasmic reticulum d. calcium ions diffuse into the sarcoplasmic reticulumarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements relating to smooth muscle is true? a. single-unit smooth muscles contract rhythmically due to gap junctions b. multi-unit smooth muscles are arranged like skeletal muscle motor units c. visceral smooth muscles exhibit spontaneous action potentials d. multi-unit smooth muscles exhibit graded contractions in response to neural stimuli e. all of the abovearrow_forward
- Muscle fatigue is caused by ________. a. buildup of ATP and lactic acid levels b. exhaustion of energy reserves and buildup of lactic acid levels c. buildup of ATP and pyruvic acid levels d. exhaustion of energy reserves and buildup of pyruvic acid levelsarrow_forwardRigor naturally releases because ___. A. muscle fibers begin to decompose B. the ATP has been fully depleted C. the body has cooled down D. embalming fluid has been injectedarrow_forwardWhich of the following is true concerning the role of Calcium in the contraction of muscle- cells? 23. A. skeletal muscle cells require an extracellular inward-Calcium-current to stimulate the burst of Calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. B. smooth muscle cells require an extracellular inward-Calcium-current to stimulate the burst of Calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. C. cardiac muscle cells require an extracellular inward-Calcium-current to stimulate the An burst of Calcium from intracellular stored-Calcium-organelles. D. No type of muscle cell requires an extracellular inward-Calcium current for normal contractile-function.arrow_forward
- Compared to fast twitch muscle fibers, slow-twitch fibers _____. A are able to produce much greater force during contractions B "have more myoglobin, more mitochondria, and greater endurance" C "are lighter in color, wider in diameter, and receive less blood flow" D cannot maintain contractions as long because they have fewer mitochondriaarrow_forwardWhat role (function) does calcium have within a muscle fiber? a. trigger muscle potentials along t-tubules b. trigger contraction by causing the formation of cross bridges c. trigger exocytosis of ACh across the synaptic space d. trigger action potentials along axons e. open voltage gates within the sarcoplasmic reticulum 2. Which of the following are regulatory proteins that allow a muscle fiber to contract when calcium is present? (select all that apply) dystrophin troponin myosin tropomyosin actin 3. During this phase of an action potential, potassium ions exit the cell through voltage gated potassium channels. a. depolarization b. repolarization c. glycolysis d. cross bridge formationarrow_forward1. During skeletal muscle contraction, what event directly precedes the release of actin by myosin? a. ATP binding b. ATP hydrolysis c. Power stroke d. Release of ADP e. Release of Pi 2. What is the trigger for CICR in skeletal muscle cells? a. Acetylcholine binding b. Activation of nicotinic receptors c. Ca++ entering the cells via VOC channels d. Ca++ release by the sarcoplasmic reticulum e. Movement of troponin out of the groove of actin For questions 12-14, please choose the best answer from the following list. Each answer may be used once, more than once or not at all. Each question has only one best answer. a. Muscle spindle apparatus b. Sarcolemma c. Sarcoplasmic reticulum d. Terminal cisternae e. T-Tubules 3. Primary site of intracellular Ca++ release 4. Maintain optimal overlap of actin and myosin in a resting skeletal muscle cell 5. Aids membrane depolarization along the entire length of the muscle fiber 6. Ion movement responsible for depolarization of the sarcolemma a.…arrow_forward
- According to the sliding filament model, binding sites on actin open when ________. a. creatine phosphate levels rise b. ATP levels rise c. acetylcholine levels rise d. calcium ion levels risearrow_forward35. Which of the following sentences is CORRECT? A. Intercalated disc is absent in smooth muscle and skeletal muscle B. The contraction of smooth muscle cells is slow. but they can remain contracted for long periods C. Cerebellar cortex is composed of outer molecular layer, central layer of Purkinje cells, and gramule layer D. Ganglia are ovoid structures containing neuronal cell bodies and glial cells supported by connective tissue E. All of the abovearrow_forwardAll the following are important for smooth muscle contraction EXCEPT? Select one: a. Actin b. Myosin c. Myosin light chain kinase d. Troponin and Tropomyosin e. Calcium ions Which of the following is an example of passive transport? Select one: a. Calcium efflux by calcium pump b. Na-Ca exchanger c. Potassium efflux through potassium leak channels d. Calcium sequestration in sarcoplasmic reticulum e. Na+/K+/ATPasearrow_forward
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