College Physics
OER 2016 Edition
ISBN: 9781947172173
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Chapter 34, Problem 12CQ
Quantum gravity, if developed, would be an improvement on both general relativity and
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Quantum gravity, if developed, would be an improvement on both general relativity and quantum mechanics, but moremathematically difficult. Under what circumstances would it be necessary to use quantum gravity? Similarly, under whatcircumstances could general relativity be used? When could special relativity, quantum mechanics, or classical physics be used?
Models are particularly useful in relativity and quantum mechanics, where conditions are outside those normally encounteredby humans. What is a model?
When is it necessary to use relativistic quantum mechanics?
Chapter 34 Solutions
College Physics
Ch. 34 - Explain why it only appears that we are at the...Ch. 34 - If there is no observable edge to the universe,...Ch. 34 - If the universe is infinite, does it have a...Ch. 34 - Another known cause of red shift in light is the...Ch. 34 - If some unknown cause of red shiftsuch as light...Ch. 34 - Olbers’s paradox poses an interesting question: If...Ch. 34 - If the cosmic microwave background radiation...Ch. 34 - The decay of one type of Kmeson is cited as...Ch. 34 - Distances to local galaxies are determined by...Ch. 34 - Distances to very remote galaxies are estimated...
Ch. 34 - If the smallest meaningful time interval is...Ch. 34 - Quantum gravity, if developed, would be an...Ch. 34 - Does observed gravitational lensing correspond to...Ch. 34 - Suppose you measure the red shifts of all the...Ch. 34 - What are gravitational waves, and have they yet...Ch. 34 - Is the event horizon of a black hole the actual...Ch. 34 - Suppose black holes radiate their mass away and...Ch. 34 - Discuss the possibility that star velocities at...Ch. 34 - How does relativistic time dilation prohibit...Ch. 34 - If neutrino oscillations do occur, will they...Ch. 34 - Lacking direct evidence of WIMPs as dark matter,...Ch. 34 - Must a complex system be adaptive to be of...Ch. 34 - State a necessary condition for a System to be...Ch. 34 - What is critical temperature Tc? Do all materials...Ch. 34 - Explain how good thermal contact with liquid...Ch. 34 - Not only is liquid nitrogen a cheaper coolant than...Ch. 34 - For experimental evidence particularly of...Ch. 34 - Discuss whether you think there are limits to what...Ch. 34 - Find the approximate mass of the luminous matter...Ch. 34 - Find the approximate mass of the dark and luminous...Ch. 34 - (a) Estimate the mass of the luminous matter in...Ch. 34 - If a galaxy is 500 Mly away from us, how fast do...Ch. 34 - On average, how far away are galaxies mat are...Ch. 34 - Our solar system orbits the center of the Milky...Ch. 34 - (a) What is the approximate speed relative to us...Ch. 34 - (a) Calculate The approximate age of the universe...Ch. 34 - Assuming a circular orbit for the Sun about the...Ch. 34 - (a) What is the approximate force of gravity on a...Ch. 34 - Andromeda galaxy is the closest large galaxy and...Ch. 34 - (a) A particle and its antiparticle are at rest...Ch. 34 - The average particle energy needed to observe...Ch. 34 - The peak intensity of the CMBR occurs at a...Ch. 34 - (a) What Hubble constant corresponds to an...Ch. 34 - Show that the velocity of a star orbiting its...Ch. 34 - The core of a star collapses during a supernova,...Ch. 34 - Using data from the previous problem, find the...Ch. 34 - Distances to the nearest stars (up to 500 by away)...Ch. 34 - (a) Use the Heisenberg uncertainty principle to...Ch. 34 - Construct Your Own Problem Consider a star moving...Ch. 34 - What is the Schwarzschild radius of a blank hole...Ch. 34 - Black holes with masses smaller than muse formed...Ch. 34 - Supermassive black holes are thought to exist at...Ch. 34 - Construct Your Own Problem Consider a supermassive...Ch. 34 - The characteristic length of entities in...Ch. 34 - If the dark matter in the Milky Way were composed...Ch. 34 - The critical mass density needed to just halt the...Ch. 34 - Assume the average density of the universe is 0.1...Ch. 34 - To get an idea of how empty deep spam is on the...Ch. 34 - A section of superconducting wire carries a...
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- Albert Einstein is pondering how to write his (soonto-be-famous) equation. He knows that energy E is a function of mass m and the speed of light c, but he doesn't know the functional relationship (E = m2c? E = mc4?). Pretend that Albert knows nothing about dimensional analysis, but since you are taking a fluid mechanics class, you help Albert come up with his equation. Use the step-by-step method of repeating variables to generate a dimensionless relationship between these parameters, showing all of your work. Compare this to Einstein's famous equation—does dimensional analysis give you the correct form of the equation?arrow_forwardQuantum Mechanics: please explain clearly with reasoning/steps Q1) "~P(x,0) = [Ax Ах 04x49/2/2 2 A(a-x) a≤x≤a a) SKETCH + (x₁0) AND EXPLAIN WHY:arrow_forwardAlbert Einstein’s theory of relativity, which he developed in the context of his special theory of relativity, are inconsistent with several experiments. This is not the case with the general theory of relativity, whose predictions coincide with the experiments without contradiction and whose experimental confirmations were celebrated as great scientific achievements. The latter made the physicists obviously blind to the contradictions of the foundations of the theory of relativity and led to an immunization against critical statements on the theory of relativity. Explain this in simpler terms.arrow_forward
- For a hydrogen S level which of the following relativistic corrections is absent? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a b с d e The spin-orbit correction The Darwin correction (zitterbewegung) The mass-velocity correction The Lamb shift (QED corrections) None of the above - they are all non-zero.arrow_forwardWhy do you believe Newtonian mechanics took so long to evolve compared to more sophisticated relativistic mechanics?arrow_forwardCan you please solve carefully?Thanksarrow_forward
- Consider a highly relativistic particle. Discuss what is meant by the term “highly relativistic.” (Note that, in part, it means that the particle cannot be massless.) Construct a problem in which you calculate the wavelength of such a particle and show that it is very nearly the same as the wavelength of amassless particle, such as a photon, with the same energy.Among the things to be considered are the rest energy of the particle (it should be a known particle) and its total energy, which should be large compared to its rest energy.arrow_forwardIn the theory of relativity, the energy of a particle is E = /mở c* + h*c*/X² where mo is the rest mass of the particle, A is its wave length, and h is Planck's constant. Sketch the graph of E as a function of A. What does the graph say about the energy?arrow_forwardPhotons have a rest mass of zero. How can they have a non-zero momentum if this is the case? We know light slows down when moving through a medium. As it slows down, it gains mass. This allows it to have a momentum of more than zero. Classical momentum is to rest mass times velocity. Relativistic momentum is related to rest mass, velocity, and total energy. While the photon's rest mass is zero, its total energy is not. The laws of physics change when moving above 1% of the speed of light. This changes the definition of momentum. The rest mass of a photon is not zero in space, only when near the gravity of a planet like Earth.arrow_forward
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