Chapter 33, Problem 5TC

Solution

To determine: The rank in order of increasing energy output of a white dwarf, a supernova, a blue supergiant, a red giant .

Answer:

The rank in order of increasing energy output is a white dwarf < a red giant < a blue supergiant < a supernova.

Explanation:

The temperature of a white dwarf is much lesser as compared to Sun. It is around $100\text{times}$ more shiner than a typical white dwarf and the energy out of white dwarf is also lesser than that of the Sun.

A red giant is a highly bright and low-mass star of temperature around $5000\text{K}$ . Although the surface temperature of the red giant is lesser than the yellow giant, the energy output is more than that of the Sun.

Blue supergiant releases the energy output of around $1,00,000\text{times}$ that of the Sun.

Supernova is the brightest and largest explosions of supergiant star humans have encountered. The total energy output may be as much as the total output of the Sun during its $10\text{billion}\text{years}$ lifetime.

Conclusion:

Therefore, the rank in order of increasing energy output is a white dwarf, a red giant, a blue supergiant, a supernova.