Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 33, Problem 5FIB
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Blood clotting is a process through which flowing blood is converted into gel form. It involves a series of biochemical reactions with various enzymes, termed as blood coagulation.
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Blood clotting is a homeostatic response. When clotting is poor, even a slight injury to a blood vessel may lead to severe blood loss. When clotting is excessive, small blood vessels in critical places in the body can become clogged leading to clots. Excessive bleeding or excessive clotting both can be dangerous.
– Describe the main stages in the formation of a blood clot and evaluate the importance of specific factors example platelets, vitamin K, air and blood proteins
Injured tissue – exposure of endothelial cells
Narrowing (constriction) of blood vessels
Activity of platelets
Activity of clotting factors
Several years ago, the deaths of several airline travelers led to the warning about “economic-class syndrome.” The idea is that economic-class passengers do not have as much leg room as passengers in more expensive seats, so they are more likely to sit essentially motionless for long periods of flights-conditions that may allow blood to pool and clots to form in the legs. This condition is called deep-vein thrombosis, or DVT. Given what you know about blood flow in the veins, explain why periodically getting up and moving around in a plane’s cabin during a long flight may lower the risk that a cloth will form.
In the blood there are red and white blood cells and platelets that are also called platelets. What cell type gives rise to the platelets and where is this cell type formed
Chapter 33 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 33.1 - explain the major features of all circulatory...Ch. 33.1 - Why doesnt insect hemolymph need hemoglobin?Ch. 33.1 - compare open and closed circulatory systems?Ch. 33.1 - describe the functions of the vertebrate...Ch. 33.2 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 33.2 - describe the three types of vertebrate hearts and...Ch. 33.2 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 33.2 - Prob. 1TCCh. 33.2 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 33.2 - Prob. 3CYL
Ch. 33.3 - describe each component of blood and explain its...Ch. 33.3 - Prob. 1TCCh. 33.3 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 33.3 - Prob. 2TCCh. 33.3 - explain the sequence of events during blood...Ch. 33.4 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 33.4 - Prob. 1ETCh. 33.4 - Prob. 1TCCh. 33.4 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 33.4 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 33.5 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 33.5 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 33.5 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 33.5 - Prob. 1TCCh. 33.5 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 33.5 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 33 - Prob. 1ACCh. 33 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 33 - Prob. 1MCCh. 33 - List the major structures of all circulatory...Ch. 33 - Prob. 2ACCh. 33 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 33 - Which of the following is True? a. Arteriole...Ch. 33 - Describe and compare the features of open and...Ch. 33 - The hearts pacemaker is called the (complete term)...Ch. 33 - Prob. 3MCCh. 33 - Explain how two- and three-chambered vertebrate...Ch. 33 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 33 - Prob. 4MCCh. 33 - Prob. 4RQCh. 33 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 33 - Which of the following is true of blood pressure?...Ch. 33 - Prob. 5RQCh. 33 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 33 - Prob. 6RQCh. 33 - Lymph is ___________ that has entered lymphatic...Ch. 33 - Prob. 7RQCh. 33 - Prob. 8RQCh. 33 - Describe the cardiac cycle, and relate the...Ch. 33 - Prob. 10RQCh. 33 - Prob. 11RQCh. 33 - Prob. 12RQCh. 33 - In what way do veins and lymphatic vessels...
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- Red blood cells have a very different role than white blood cells. Please list two ways and bullet point that red blood cells are specially formed to meet their function.arrow_forwardIn the blood there are red and white blood cells as well as platelets which are also called platelets. What is the function of platelets?arrow_forwardBlood clotting is one of nature's most elegant creations, but it sometimes goes awry. Use your knowledge of different types of blood cells and the chemical aspects of the clotting process to answer the following: 1. After getting his blood cell count, Josh was informed that his platelet count was low. What is a typical platelet count? How would Josh's low platelet count impact his hemostasis after getting a cut on his forearm? (Be very specific) 2. Briefly explain the different roles of the three stages of the intrinsic blood clotting pathway 3. Explain how any event that prevents plasminogen from becoming fully activated would lead to a thromboembolic disorder. Identify all the chemicals that directly activate plasminogen. 4. Identify the two most common types of the genetic disorder called hemophilia. Explain how each of two types of hemophilia result in impaired hemostasis. 5. Explain how the endocrine system contributes to the homeostasis of blood oxygen levels.arrow_forward
- Describe what happens to a platelet when it comes in contact with an exposed collagen fiber, in a broken blood vessel. Also explain how platelet granules are involved in this process and what they release?arrow_forwardDuring inflammation, basophils release an anticoagulant called __________ and a vasodilator called __________. arrow_forwardThe parents of a child with recently diagnosed leukemia ask the nurse why their child has too many white blood cells. Which response by the nurse is best? "The health care provider is the best one to answer that question for you." "You seem to be focusing on your child's white blood cells." "You don't seem to understand what occurs in this disease." "The bone marrow is not controlling your child's white blood cell production as it should."arrow_forward
- In geometry class, Mili accidentally pricked herself with her compass. Although her finger started to bleed, she didn’t worry much as she knew the blood would clot soon. Explain how clotting occurs.arrow_forwardIf you were in a major accident and needed a large blood transfusion, why is type AB the best to have, in terms of being able to accept the widest range of donated cells?arrow_forwardWhich answer choice specifies the correct order of the activities governed by the blood clotting regulatory cascade? 1. Platelets expose anionic phospholipids and release thromboxanes. 2. Fibrin cross-links and stabilizes collected platelets. 3. Tissue damage exposes collagen to the blood. 4. Thromboxanes stimulate platelet activation. 5. Collagen activates platelets. 6. Thrombin cleaves fibrinogen to form fibrin. 3, 5, 4, 1, 6, 2 3, 5, 1, 4, 2, 6 3, 1, 5, 4, 6, 2 2, 6, 4, 1, 5, 3 3, 5, 1, 4, 6, 2arrow_forward
- Thrombocythemia is a condition in which the bone marrow makes too many platelets. Is it a cancer? What happens if the platelets count becomes high? Is it possible to bring the level back to normal?arrow_forwardBased on its chronology, arranged the following processes for hemostasis _______ Platelet adheres to extracellular matrix _______ Counter-regulatory mechanism _______ Platelet aggregation _______ Vascular injury _______ Release of granules, ADP and thromboxane A _______ Local activation of coagulation cascade _______ Secondary hemostasis _______ Activation of platelets _______ Transient vasoconstriction _______ Primary hemostatic plug _______ Fibrin polymerizationarrow_forwardWhich of the following blood transfusions would be successful?a. Transfusing type B blood into a person with type AB bloodb. Transfusing type AB blood into a person with type A bloodc. Transfusing type A blood into a person with type O bloodd. Transfusing type B blood into a person with type A bloodarrow_forward
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