A Transition to Advanced Mathematics
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781285463261
Author: Douglas Smith, Maurice Eggen, Richard St. Andre
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 3.3, Problem 5E
Use these exercises to check your understanding. Answers appear at the end of the Answers to Selected Exercises.
4. (a) List all eight subsets of the set
(b) Let
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Let n = 7, let p = 23 and let S be the set of least positive residues mod p of the first (p − 1)/2
multiple of n, i.e.
n mod p, 2n mod p, ...,
p-1
2
-n mod p.
Let T be the subset of S consisting of those residues which exceed p/2.
Find the set T, and hence compute the Legendre symbol (7|23).
23
32
how come?
The first 11 multiples of 7 reduced mod 23 are
7, 14, 21, 5, 12, 19, 3, 10, 17, 1, 8.
The set T is the subset of these residues exceeding
So T = {12, 14, 17, 19, 21}.
By Gauss' lemma (Apostol Theorem 9.6),
(7|23) = (−1)|T| = (−1)5 = −1.
Let n = 7, let p = 23 and let S be the set of least positive residues mod p of the first (p-1)/2
multiple of n, i.e.
n mod p, 2n mod p, ...,
2
p-1
-n mod p.
Let T be the subset of S consisting of those residues which exceed p/2.
Find the set T, and hence compute the Legendre symbol (7|23).
The first 11 multiples of 7 reduced mod 23 are
7, 14, 21, 5, 12, 19, 3, 10, 17, 1, 8.
23
The set T is the subset of these residues exceeding
2°
So T = {12, 14, 17, 19, 21}.
By Gauss' lemma (Apostol Theorem 9.6),
(7|23) = (−1)|T| = (−1)5 = −1.
how come?
Shading a Venn diagram with 3 sets: Unions, intersections, and...
The Venn diagram shows sets A, B, C, and the universal set U.
Shade (CUA)' n B on the Venn diagram.
U
Explanation
Check
A-
B
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Chapter 3 Solutions
A Transition to Advanced Mathematics
Ch. 3.1 - Let 3 and 6 be the sets of integer multiples of 3...Ch. 3.1 - Let (3,+) and (6,+) be the groups in Exercise 10,...Ch. 3.1 - Let ({a,b,c},o) be the group with the operation...Ch. 3.1 - (a)Prove that the function f:1824 given by f(x)=4x...Ch. 3.1 - Define f:1512 by f(x)=4x. Prove that f is a...Ch. 3.1 - Let (G,) and (H,*) be groups, i be the identity...Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 7ECh. 3.1 - Prob. 8ECh. 3.1 - Prove that the relation of isomorphism is an...Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 10E
Ch. 3.1 - Prove that if G is a group and H is a subgroup of...Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 12ECh. 3.1 - Prob. 13ECh. 3.1 - Prob. 14ECh. 3.1 - Prob. 15ECh. 3.1 - Prob. 16ECh. 3.1 - Prob. 17ECh. 3.2 - (a)Show that any two groups of order 2 are...Ch. 3.2 - (a)Show that the function h: defined by h(x)=3x is...Ch. 3.2 - Let R be the equivalence relation on ({0}) given...Ch. 3.2 - Let (R,+,) be an integral domain. Prove that 0 has...Ch. 3.2 - Complete the proof of Theorem 6.5.5. That is,...Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 6ECh. 3.2 - Assign a grade of A (correct), C (partially...Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 8ECh. 3.2 - Prob. 9ECh. 3.2 - Use the method of proof of Cayley's Theorem to...Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 11ECh. 3.2 - Assign a grade of A (correct), C (partially...Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 13ECh. 3.2 - Define on by setting (a,b)(c,d)=(acbd,ad+bc)....Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 15ECh. 3.2 - Let f:(A,)(B,*) and g:(B,*)(C,X) be OP maps. Prove...Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 17ECh. 3.2 - Let Conj: be the conjugate mapping for complex...Ch. 3.2 - Prove the remaining parts of Theorem 6.4.1.Ch. 3.3 - Let 3={3k:k}. Apply the Subring Test (Exercise...Ch. 3.3 - Use these exercises to check your understanding....Ch. 3.3 - Use these exercises to check your understanding....Ch. 3.3 - Use these exercises to check your understanding....Ch. 3.3 - Use these exercises to check your understanding....Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 6ECh. 3.3 - Use the definition of “divides” to explain (a) why...Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 8ECh. 3.3 - Prob. 9ECh. 3.3 - Complete the proof that for every m,(m+,) is a...Ch. 3.3 - Define addition and multiplication on the set ...Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 12ECh. 3.3 - Let (R,+,) be a ring and a,b,R. Prove that b+(a)...Ch. 3.3 - Prove the remaining parts of Theorem 6.5.3: For...Ch. 3.3 - We define a subring of a ring in the same way we...Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 1ECh. 3.4 - Prob. 2ECh. 3.4 - If possible, give an example of a set A such that...Ch. 3.4 - Let A. Prove that if sup(A) exists, then...Ch. 3.4 - Let A and B be subsets of . Prove that if sup(A)...Ch. 3.4 - a.Give an example of sets A and B of real numbers...Ch. 3.4 - a.Give an example of sets A and B of real numbers...Ch. 3.4 - An alternate version of the Archimedean Principle...Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 9ECh. 3.4 - Prob. 10ECh. 3.4 - Prob. 11ECh. 3.4 - Prob. 12ECh. 3.5 - Prob. 1ECh. 3.5 - Prob. 2ECh. 3.5 - Let A be a subset of . Prove that the set of all...Ch. 3.5 - Prob. 4ECh. 3.5 - Let be an associative operation on nonempty set A...Ch. 3.5 - Suppose that (A,*) is an algebraic system and * is...Ch. 3.5 - Let (A,o) be an algebra structure. An element lA...Ch. 3.5 - Let G be a group. Prove that if a2=e for all aG,...Ch. 3.5 - Give an example of an algebraic structure of order...Ch. 3.5 - Prove that an ordered field F is complete iff...Ch. 3.5 - Prove that every irrational number is "missing"...Ch. 3.5 - Find two upper bounds (if any exits) for each of...Ch. 3.5 - Prob. 13ECh. 3.5 - Prob. 14ECh. 3.5 - Prob. 15ECh. 3.5 - Let A and B be subsets of . Prove that if A is...Ch. 3.5 - Prob. 17ECh. 3.5 - Prob. 18ECh. 3.5 - Give an example of a set A for which both A and Ac...Ch. 3.5 - Prob. 20ECh. 3.5 - Prob. 21ECh. 3.5 - Prob. 22E
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- Find all solutions of the polynomial congruence x²+4x+1 = 0 (mod 143). (The solutions of the congruence x² + 4x+1=0 (mod 11) are x = 3,4 (mod 11) and the solutions of the congruence x² +4x+1 = 0 (mod 13) are x = 2,7 (mod 13).)arrow_forwardDetermine whether each function is an injection and determine whether each is a surjection.The notation Z_(n) refers to the set {0,1,2,...,n-1}. For example, Z_(4)={0,1,2,3}. f: Z_(6) -> Z_(6) defined by f(x)=x^(2)+4(mod6). g: Z_(5) -> Z_(5) defined by g(x)=x^(2)-11(mod5). h: Z*Z -> Z defined by h(x,y)=x+2y. j: R-{3} -> R defined by j(x)=(4x)/(x-3).arrow_forwardDetermine whether each function is an injection and determine whether each is a surjection.arrow_forward
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