Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780357093795
Author: STARR
Publisher: CENGAGE LEARNING (CUSTOM)
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Chapter 33, Problem 4DAA
Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the hearing decline in the 50-year old carpenter was caused by age or by job-related noise exposure.

Introduction: Hearing refers to the perception of sound. The loudness of sound is measured in decibels. The frequency of sound is measured as the number of wave cycles per second or hertz. The range of frequency that can be heard by human ears is 20-20,000 hertz. The hearing ability of individuals varies depending on their age, gender, and occupation. Continuous exposure to loud noises can damage hair cells in the inner ear that may result in a temporary or permanent hearing loss.

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More than 1.1 billion young adults are at risk for hearing loss according to World Health Organization (WHO, 2015). The primary reason is increasing use of personal audio devices with headphones or earphones. Hearing loss is of two main types: conduction deafness and perception deafness. Young adults are more likely to experience perception or nerve deafness. Which of the following parts of the ear is not involved in nerve deafness? Select one: a. Organ of Corti b. Semicircular canal C. Auditory nerve and basilar membrane d. Sensory neurons and hair cells
Dizziness and vertigo are symptoms of fluid build up in the cochlea and inner ear.  Receptors for hearing are called hair cells and are only stimulated upon movement.  Discuss how the increase in fluid can lead to a malfunction in the receptors leading to dizziness and inability to hear well.  You will need to discuss the pathway of hearing using the tympanic membrane, malleus, incus, stapes, round window, oval window, hair cells and vestibulocochlear nerve in your response.
Presbycusis is an age-related hearing loss affecting individuals over the age of 65. Many affected individuals have difficulty understanding words because, although they may be able to hear the sound, they are unable to distinguish the exact words. This hearing loss is most noticeable at higher frequencies. Which of the following statements correctly describes an individual suffering from presbycusis? Select one: a. Individuals with presbycusis have damaged hair cells at the base of the cochlea, which is closest to the oval window. b. Increasing the volume of higher frequency sound allows individuals affected with presbycusis to hear better. O c. Individuals with presbycusis have damaged hair cells at the apex of the cochlea, which is farthest from to the oval window. Od. Decreasing the amplitude of lower frequency sound allows individuals affected with presbycusis to hear better.
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