Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 32, Problem 1SYK
Fill in the blanks in the following simplified tree that represents current hypotheses of animal phylogeny. In the table on the following page, list some of the characteristics of clades a through d and name some representative animals in clades e, f, and g.
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create a cladogram summarizing the phylogenetic relationships among the different Phyla. Take note that some characters may be secondarily lost during the evolution of these different.
there is a photo of example of cladogram below
Please use the following data table of mesodermal patterning and homeobox genes to help you
reconstruct a most parsimonious tree of basal Animals: "1" means the gene is present in that
taxon, and "0" means it is absent. Please use these taxa as tips on your tree and indicate where
on the tree each gene evollved.
Mesodermal patterning genes and Homeodomains (Homeobox genes)
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GRIP
S-50
recep.
recep.
PRD
Bilateria
1.
1
1
1
1
1
Choanoflagellata
1
1
1.
Cnidaria
1
Ctenophora
1
1
1
1
1
Placozoa
1
1
0.
1
Porifera
1
0.
0.
Fungi
Which of the following is true regarding the way we define clades with characters? Select one:
a. Autapomorphies are good characters to use because they describe every lineage of the clade and no other lineages
b. Plesiomorphies are good characters to use because they describe every lineage of the clade and no other lineages
c. Synapomorphies are good characters to use because they describe every lineage of the clade and no other lineages
Please give me the correct answer quickly I will give you upvote
Chapter 32 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 32 - a. What is a larva? b. How does a larva differ...Ch. 32 - Describe the three hypotheses for the rapid...Ch. 32 - Prob. 3IQCh. 32 - Prob. 4IQCh. 32 - Fill in the blanks in the following simplified...Ch. 32 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 32 - The process during which the germ layers are...Ch. 32 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 32 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 32 - Prob. 5TYK
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- Through the phylogenetic tree of major groups of vertebrates provided below, answer the given table by numbering and naming each node in the diagram. Then list the names of each group and write down the shared characteristic(s) of it. You may add more rows if needed. Node Number (e.g. 1 - Gnasthostomata) Animal Group 1 Animal Group 2 Shared Characteristics of Animal Group 1 & 2arrow_forwardAs we have discussed in class, phylogenies are hypotheses, and can therefore change over time with new evidence. Relatively recent and strong molecular evidence (that we did not discuss in class) suggests that all members of the Subphylum Hexapoda are derived from a common ancestor within the Subphylum Crustacea, as in the cladogram shown below. Given this new information, answer the question below. Note: Don't panic. Some of the names of these groups are new to you (Copepoda, Malacostraca, and Remipedia are all classes or subclasses within the Subphylum Crustacea), but this will not affect your ability to answer this question. Myriapoda Copepoda (Crustacea) Malacostraca (Crustacea) Hexapoda Remipedia (Crustacea) If we insisted that all groups must be categorized and named so that taxonomic ranks/names always include a single common ancestor and all of its descendants, how would this new evidence change our definition of a hexapod? Hexapoda and Melacostraca would have to be classified…arrow_forwardDraw a phylogenetic reconstruction for the hypothetical frog species. Once you have a cladogram you feel confident about, use lines and labels on cladogram to indicate where character states hanged. How many evolutionary changes occurred in your phylogeny? Is there evidence of an evolutionary convergence having occurred in your phylogeny? How about evolutionary reversals?arrow_forward
- Use the table of derived characters below for 7 different organisms and construct a cladogram that represents this data. The characters should be placed along the diagonal line, and the organisms should be listed above the vertical lines. Derived Characters segmented jaws hair placentamulticellular limbs |kangaroo earthworm amoeba lizard cat sponge salmon + 1. 3 -F Azraarrow_forwardConstruct a character matrix with at least five characters for organisms beetle, pigeon, perch, salamander, and a mouse. (Pay attention to eyes, legs, number legs, antennae, body type/form; not limited to here). Then construct a phylogenetic tree using the character matrix and map the synapomorphies.arrow_forwardUse the data below to make a Phylogenetic tree AND after circle the different different clades/monophyletic group (many will overlap and that’s okay)arrow_forward
- Draw a cladogram of the 2 Classes of Annelida, including the 2 Families under Order Clittelata and add 1 outlier from another Phylum. Make sure to add the derived traits/characteristics in your cladogram (give at least 1 trait).arrow_forwardConsider the cladogram shown. 1. Which pair of species shares the greatest number of derived characters (synamorphies)? 2. Which species has the greatest number of ancestral character states (plesiomorphies)?arrow_forwardConstruxt your cladogram from this dataarrow_forward
- Create a cladogram based on the morphological and molecular evidence. Comparative Morphology Data. Using your text and prior knowledge, determine the morphological characteristics of the organisms in table. For every characteristic the organism possesses, put a check in that box. Limbs Has Organism Multicellular Segmented Body Jaws Hair (not fins) Bone Amoeba Sponge Earthworm Shark Lizard Kangaroo Dolphin Cat Molecular Evidence. Cytochrome c is a protein located in the mitochondria of cells involved with cellular respiration. Compare each organism's Cytochrome CDNA sequences with the ancestor cell and each other. Circle or highlight the differences (mutations) present in the cytochrome CDNA sequences from ancestor cell. ANCESTOR CE AT TAGC GACCAGTATATCC TACAATC c GT CTACTTCATT0 A TTAGCG A C C A GT T T ATC C TA CA ATC CCGTCTACTTCAT 11 A GTT TATC CTAC ATT C C C GTATACTTC GT 13 CGTTTA TC CTACATT CC C GTCTACTTCG T 15 C G TITATC C TA CTIT C C CGTCTACTTCGT 18 CG TTTATC CTACTITC C C GT CTA…arrow_forwardConstruct a cladogram depicting the evolutionary relationships among all four species presented. The table containing the characters and taxa is given below.arrow_forwardConvert the following data table into a venn diagram and then into a cladogram (refer to the image):arrow_forward
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Phylogenetic Mysteries: Crash Course Zoology #12; Author: CrashCourse;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cVaw7nF72Aw;License: Standard youtube license