Whether the specific component of the plant immune system (the one using R genes) can defend against both biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens or not. Concept Introduction: “Biotrophic pathogens ” are those organisms which obtain the food by infecting the living cells. “Necrotrophic organisms” are those organisms that degrade and destroy the living cells before obtaining food from them.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 32, Problem 1QC

Summary Introduction

To explain:

Whether the specific component of the plant immune system (the one using R genes) can defend against both biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens or not.

Concept Introduction:

“Biotrophic pathogens” are those organisms which obtain the food by infecting the living cells. “Necrotrophic organisms” are those organisms that degrade and destroy the living cells before obtaining food from them.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

R genes are specific genes of the plant immune system which protect the plant from the attack of the pathogens. These genes synthesize the R proteins which react with the AVR protein to form a complex. This protects the immune system of the plant from the attack of the pathogens.

R genes can protect the plants from the action of the biotrophic pathogens only and not the nectrotrophic organsims, because these infect the living cells and not the dead cells. The examples of biotrophic organisms include wheat leaf rust fungus “Puccinia” and the necrotrophic organism includes the rice blast fungus “Magnoporthe grisea”.

Conclusion

No, the specific component of the plant immune system consists of the R genes which protect the plants infected from the biotrophic pathogens and not the necrotrophic pathogens.

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*Example 2: Tracing the path of an autosomal dominant trait Trait: Neurofibromatosis Forms of the trait: The dominant form is neurofibromatosis, caused by the production of an abnormal form of the protein neurofibromin. Affected individuals show spots of abnormal skin pigmentation and non-cancerous tumors that can interfere with the nervous system and cause blindness. Some tumors can convert to a cancerous form. i The recessive form is a normal protein - in other words, no neurofibromatosis.moovi A typical pedigree for a family that carries neurofibromatosis is shown below. Note that carriers are not indicated with half-colored shapes in this chart. Use the letter "N" to indicate the dominant neurofibromatosis allele, and the letter "n" for the normal allele. Nn nn nn 2 nn Nn A 3 N-

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 32, Problem 1QC

Summary Introduction

To explain:

Whether the specific component of the plant immune system (the one using R genes) can defend against both biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens or not.

Concept Introduction:

“Biotrophic pathogens” are those organisms which obtain the food by infecting the living cells. “Necrotrophic organisms” are those organisms that degrade and destroy the living cells before obtaining food from them.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

R genes are specific genes of the plant immune system which protect the plant from the attack of the pathogens. These genes synthesize the R proteins which react with the AVR protein to form a complex. This protects the immune system of the plant from the attack of the pathogens.

R genes can protect the plants from the action of the biotrophic pathogens only and not the nectrotrophic organsims, because these infect the living cells and not the dead cells. The examples of biotrophic organisms include wheat leaf rust fungus “Puccinia” and the necrotrophic organism includes the rice blast fungus “Magnoporthe grisea”.

Conclusion

No, the specific component of the plant immune system consists of the R genes which protect the plants infected from the biotrophic pathogens and not the necrotrophic pathogens.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 32, Problem 1QC

Summary Introduction

To explain:

Whether the specific component of the plant immune system (the one using R genes) can defend against both biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens or not.

Concept Introduction:

“Biotrophic pathogens” are those organisms which obtain the food by infecting the living cells. “Necrotrophic organisms” are those organisms that degrade and destroy the living cells before obtaining food from them.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

R genes are specific genes of the plant immune system which protect the plant from the attack of the pathogens. These genes synthesize the R proteins which react with the AVR protein to form a complex. This protects the immune system of the plant from the attack of the pathogens.

R genes can protect the plants from the action of the biotrophic pathogens only and not the nectrotrophic organsims, because these infect the living cells and not the dead cells. The examples of biotrophic organisms include wheat leaf rust fungus “Puccinia” and the necrotrophic organism includes the rice blast fungus “Magnoporthe grisea”.

Conclusion

No, the specific component of the plant immune system consists of the R genes which protect the plants infected from the biotrophic pathogens and not the necrotrophic pathogens.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 32, Problem 1QC

Summary Introduction

To explain:

Whether the specific component of the plant immune system (the one using R genes) can defend against both biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens or not.

Concept Introduction:

“Biotrophic pathogens” are those organisms which obtain the food by infecting the living cells. “Necrotrophic organisms” are those organisms that degrade and destroy the living cells before obtaining food from them.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

R genes are specific genes of the plant immune system which protect the plant from the attack of the pathogens. These genes synthesize the R proteins which react with the AVR protein to form a complex. This protects the immune system of the plant from the attack of the pathogens.

R genes can protect the plants from the action of the biotrophic pathogens only and not the nectrotrophic organsims, because these infect the living cells and not the dead cells. The examples of biotrophic organisms include wheat leaf rust fungus “Puccinia” and the necrotrophic organism includes the rice blast fungus “Magnoporthe grisea”.

Conclusion

No, the specific component of the plant immune system consists of the R genes which protect the plants infected from the biotrophic pathogens and not the necrotrophic pathogens.

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Answer 5

Chapter 32, Problem 1QC

Summary Introduction

To explain:

Whether the specific component of the plant immune system (the one using R genes) can defend against both biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens or not.

Concept Introduction:

“Biotrophic pathogens” are those organisms which obtain the food by infecting the living cells. “Necrotrophic organisms” are those organisms that degrade and destroy the living cells before obtaining food from them.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

R genes are specific genes of the plant immune system which protect the plant from the attack of the pathogens. These genes synthesize the R proteins which react with the AVR protein to form a complex. This protects the immune system of the plant from the attack of the pathogens.

R genes can protect the plants from the action of the biotrophic pathogens only and not the nectrotrophic organsims, because these infect the living cells and not the dead cells. The examples of biotrophic organisms include wheat leaf rust fungus “Puccinia” and the necrotrophic organism includes the rice blast fungus “Magnoporthe grisea”.

Conclusion

No, the specific component of the plant immune system consists of the R genes which protect the plants infected from the biotrophic pathogens and not the necrotrophic pathogens.

Answer 6

Chapter 32, Problem 1QC

Summary Introduction

To explain:

Whether the specific component of the plant immune system (the one using R genes) can defend against both biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens or not.

Concept Introduction:

“Biotrophic pathogens” are those organisms which obtain the food by infecting the living cells. “Necrotrophic organisms” are those organisms that degrade and destroy the living cells before obtaining food from them.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

R genes are specific genes of the plant immune system which protect the plant from the attack of the pathogens. These genes synthesize the R proteins which react with the AVR protein to form a complex. This protects the immune system of the plant from the attack of the pathogens.

R genes can protect the plants from the action of the biotrophic pathogens only and not the nectrotrophic organsims, because these infect the living cells and not the dead cells. The examples of biotrophic organisms include wheat leaf rust fungus “Puccinia” and the necrotrophic organism includes the rice blast fungus “Magnoporthe grisea”.

Conclusion

No, the specific component of the plant immune system consists of the R genes which protect the plants infected from the biotrophic pathogens and not the necrotrophic pathogens.

Answer 7

Chapter 32, Problem 1QC

Summary Introduction

To explain:

Whether the specific component of the plant immune system (the one using R genes) can defend against both biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens or not.

Concept Introduction:

“Biotrophic pathogens” are those organisms which obtain the food by infecting the living cells. “Necrotrophic organisms” are those organisms that degrade and destroy the living cells before obtaining food from them.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

R genes are specific genes of the plant immune system which protect the plant from the attack of the pathogens. These genes synthesize the R proteins which react with the AVR protein to form a complex. This protects the immune system of the plant from the attack of the pathogens.

R genes can protect the plants from the action of the biotrophic pathogens only and not the nectrotrophic organsims, because these infect the living cells and not the dead cells. The examples of biotrophic organisms include wheat leaf rust fungus “Puccinia” and the necrotrophic organism includes the rice blast fungus “Magnoporthe grisea”.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Conclusion

No, the specific component of the plant immune system consists of the R genes which protect the plants infected from the biotrophic pathogens and not the necrotrophic pathogens.

Answer 12

Ch. 32 - Prob. 1QC Ch. 32 - Prob. 2QC Ch. 32 - Prob. 3QC Ch. 32 - Prob. 4QC Ch. 32 - Prob. 1SA Ch. 32 - Prob. 2SA Ch. 32 - Prob. 3SA Ch. 32 - Prob. 4SA Ch. 32 - Prob. 5SA Ch. 32 - Prob. 6SA

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