The relationship between viviparity and cold climates, based on the given phylogenetic tree. Given: The evolution of viviparity in different lineages of the lizard Sceloporus living in different temperature ranges is shown in Figure 1 of the phylogenetic tree given below: Introduction: Animals like birds, reptiles, and amphibians in which the development of the young ones takes place inside the eggs laid by the female are known as oviparous animals. In viviparous animals like mammals, the development of the young ones takes place inside the body of the female who gives birth to the offspring.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 32, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The relationship between viviparity and cold climates, based on the given phylogenetic tree.

Given:

The evolution of viviparity in different lineages of the lizard Sceloporus living in different temperature ranges is shown in Figure 1 of the phylogenetic tree given below:

Introduction:

Animals like birds, reptiles, and amphibians in which the development of the young ones takes place inside the eggs laid by the female are known as oviparous animals. In viviparous animals like mammals, the development of the young ones takes place inside the body of the female who gives birth to the offspring.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

It can be observed from the given phylogenetic tree that viviparous mode of reproduction has evolved in the lineages which live in the 19.0–23.4°C temperature range during the warmest months (cool temperature areas).

According to the ‘cold-climate’ hypothesis, animals living in colder climates are more likely to evolve viviparity. In viviparous animals, the development of the young one takes place inside the body of the female and the parent invests more in the development of its offspring.

In areas with a cold climate (high altitudes), the female basks in the sun during the day and move to safe and warm places to take cover during the night. The female can thus regulate the temperature of its body by behavioral thermoregulation. This provides an ambient temperature for the growth and development of the embryo.

An increased parental investment leads to the birth of a few large-sized offspring, which are more capable of surviving to maturity, especially under adverse environmental conditions.

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that the lizards living in cold areas evolved viviparity because it helped in the better survival of the offspring till maturity.

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A sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation? The cell membranes are more resistant than normal. An isotonic solution had been added instead of water. A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water. Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet. The man had sickle-cell anaemia.

With reference to their absorption spectra of the oxy haemoglobin intact line) and deoxyhemoglobin (broken line) shown in Figure 2 below, how would you best explain the reason why there are differences in the major peaks of the spectra? Figure 2. SPECTRA OF OXYGENATED AND DEOXYGENATED HAEMOGLOBIN OBTAINED WITH THE RECORDING SPECTROPHOTOMETER 1.4 Abs < 0.8 06 0.4 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 nm 1. The difference in the spectra is due to a pH change in the deoxy-haemoglobin due to uptake of CO2- 2. There is more oxygen-carrying plasma in the oxy-haemoglobin sample. 3. The change in Mr due to oxygen binding causes the oxy haemoglobin to have a higher absorbance peak. 4. Oxy-haemoglobin is contaminated by carbaminohemoglobin, and therefore has a higher absorbance peak 5. Oxy-haemoglobin absorbs more light of blue wavelengths and less of red wavelengths than deoxy-haemoglobin

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 32, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The relationship between viviparity and cold climates, based on the given phylogenetic tree.

Given:

The evolution of viviparity in different lineages of the lizard Sceloporus living in different temperature ranges is shown in Figure 1 of the phylogenetic tree given below:

Introduction:

Animals like birds, reptiles, and amphibians in which the development of the young ones takes place inside the eggs laid by the female are known as oviparous animals. In viviparous animals like mammals, the development of the young ones takes place inside the body of the female who gives birth to the offspring.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

It can be observed from the given phylogenetic tree that viviparous mode of reproduction has evolved in the lineages which live in the 19.0–23.4°C temperature range during the warmest months (cool temperature areas).

According to the ‘cold-climate’ hypothesis, animals living in colder climates are more likely to evolve viviparity. In viviparous animals, the development of the young one takes place inside the body of the female and the parent invests more in the development of its offspring.

In areas with a cold climate (high altitudes), the female basks in the sun during the day and move to safe and warm places to take cover during the night. The female can thus regulate the temperature of its body by behavioral thermoregulation. This provides an ambient temperature for the growth and development of the embryo.

An increased parental investment leads to the birth of a few large-sized offspring, which are more capable of surviving to maturity, especially under adverse environmental conditions.

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that the lizards living in cold areas evolved viviparity because it helped in the better survival of the offspring till maturity.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 32, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The relationship between viviparity and cold climates, based on the given phylogenetic tree.

Given:

The evolution of viviparity in different lineages of the lizard Sceloporus living in different temperature ranges is shown in Figure 1 of the phylogenetic tree given below:

Introduction:

Animals like birds, reptiles, and amphibians in which the development of the young ones takes place inside the eggs laid by the female are known as oviparous animals. In viviparous animals like mammals, the development of the young ones takes place inside the body of the female who gives birth to the offspring.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

It can be observed from the given phylogenetic tree that viviparous mode of reproduction has evolved in the lineages which live in the 19.0–23.4°C temperature range during the warmest months (cool temperature areas).

According to the ‘cold-climate’ hypothesis, animals living in colder climates are more likely to evolve viviparity. In viviparous animals, the development of the young one takes place inside the body of the female and the parent invests more in the development of its offspring.

In areas with a cold climate (high altitudes), the female basks in the sun during the day and move to safe and warm places to take cover during the night. The female can thus regulate the temperature of its body by behavioral thermoregulation. This provides an ambient temperature for the growth and development of the embryo.

An increased parental investment leads to the birth of a few large-sized offspring, which are more capable of surviving to maturity, especially under adverse environmental conditions.

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that the lizards living in cold areas evolved viviparity because it helped in the better survival of the offspring till maturity.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 32, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The relationship between viviparity and cold climates, based on the given phylogenetic tree.

Given:

The evolution of viviparity in different lineages of the lizard Sceloporus living in different temperature ranges is shown in Figure 1 of the phylogenetic tree given below:

Introduction:

Animals like birds, reptiles, and amphibians in which the development of the young ones takes place inside the eggs laid by the female are known as oviparous animals. In viviparous animals like mammals, the development of the young ones takes place inside the body of the female who gives birth to the offspring.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

It can be observed from the given phylogenetic tree that viviparous mode of reproduction has evolved in the lineages which live in the 19.0–23.4°C temperature range during the warmest months (cool temperature areas).

According to the ‘cold-climate’ hypothesis, animals living in colder climates are more likely to evolve viviparity. In viviparous animals, the development of the young one takes place inside the body of the female and the parent invests more in the development of its offspring.

In areas with a cold climate (high altitudes), the female basks in the sun during the day and move to safe and warm places to take cover during the night. The female can thus regulate the temperature of its body by behavioral thermoregulation. This provides an ambient temperature for the growth and development of the embryo.

An increased parental investment leads to the birth of a few large-sized offspring, which are more capable of surviving to maturity, especially under adverse environmental conditions.

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that the lizards living in cold areas evolved viviparity because it helped in the better survival of the offspring till maturity.

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Answer 5

Chapter 32, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The relationship between viviparity and cold climates, based on the given phylogenetic tree.

Given:

The evolution of viviparity in different lineages of the lizard Sceloporus living in different temperature ranges is shown in Figure 1 of the phylogenetic tree given below:

Introduction:

Animals like birds, reptiles, and amphibians in which the development of the young ones takes place inside the eggs laid by the female are known as oviparous animals. In viviparous animals like mammals, the development of the young ones takes place inside the body of the female who gives birth to the offspring.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

It can be observed from the given phylogenetic tree that viviparous mode of reproduction has evolved in the lineages which live in the 19.0–23.4°C temperature range during the warmest months (cool temperature areas).

According to the ‘cold-climate’ hypothesis, animals living in colder climates are more likely to evolve viviparity. In viviparous animals, the development of the young one takes place inside the body of the female and the parent invests more in the development of its offspring.

In areas with a cold climate (high altitudes), the female basks in the sun during the day and move to safe and warm places to take cover during the night. The female can thus regulate the temperature of its body by behavioral thermoregulation. This provides an ambient temperature for the growth and development of the embryo.

An increased parental investment leads to the birth of a few large-sized offspring, which are more capable of surviving to maturity, especially under adverse environmental conditions.

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that the lizards living in cold areas evolved viviparity because it helped in the better survival of the offspring till maturity.

Answer 6

Chapter 32, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The relationship between viviparity and cold climates, based on the given phylogenetic tree.

Given:

The evolution of viviparity in different lineages of the lizard Sceloporus living in different temperature ranges is shown in Figure 1 of the phylogenetic tree given below:

Introduction:

Animals like birds, reptiles, and amphibians in which the development of the young ones takes place inside the eggs laid by the female are known as oviparous animals. In viviparous animals like mammals, the development of the young ones takes place inside the body of the female who gives birth to the offspring.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

It can be observed from the given phylogenetic tree that viviparous mode of reproduction has evolved in the lineages which live in the 19.0–23.4°C temperature range during the warmest months (cool temperature areas).

According to the ‘cold-climate’ hypothesis, animals living in colder climates are more likely to evolve viviparity. In viviparous animals, the development of the young one takes place inside the body of the female and the parent invests more in the development of its offspring.

In areas with a cold climate (high altitudes), the female basks in the sun during the day and move to safe and warm places to take cover during the night. The female can thus regulate the temperature of its body by behavioral thermoregulation. This provides an ambient temperature for the growth and development of the embryo.

An increased parental investment leads to the birth of a few large-sized offspring, which are more capable of surviving to maturity, especially under adverse environmental conditions.

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that the lizards living in cold areas evolved viviparity because it helped in the better survival of the offspring till maturity.

Answer 7

Chapter 32, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The relationship between viviparity and cold climates, based on the given phylogenetic tree.

Given:

The evolution of viviparity in different lineages of the lizard Sceloporus living in different temperature ranges is shown in Figure 1 of the phylogenetic tree given below:

Introduction:

Animals like birds, reptiles, and amphibians in which the development of the young ones takes place inside the eggs laid by the female are known as oviparous animals. In viviparous animals like mammals, the development of the young ones takes place inside the body of the female who gives birth to the offspring.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

It can be observed from the given phylogenetic tree that viviparous mode of reproduction has evolved in the lineages which live in the 19.0–23.4°C temperature range during the warmest months (cool temperature areas).

According to the ‘cold-climate’ hypothesis, animals living in colder climates are more likely to evolve viviparity. In viviparous animals, the development of the young one takes place inside the body of the female and the parent invests more in the development of its offspring.

In areas with a cold climate (high altitudes), the female basks in the sun during the day and move to safe and warm places to take cover during the night. The female can thus regulate the temperature of its body by behavioral thermoregulation. This provides an ambient temperature for the growth and development of the embryo.

An increased parental investment leads to the birth of a few large-sized offspring, which are more capable of surviving to maturity, especially under adverse environmental conditions.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that the lizards living in cold areas evolved viviparity because it helped in the better survival of the offspring till maturity.

Answer 12

Ch. 32.1 - Prob. 1R Ch. 32.1 - Prob. 2R Ch. 32.1 - Prob. 3R Ch. 32.2 - Prob. 1R Ch. 32.2 - Prob. 2R Ch. 32.3 - Prob. 1R Ch. 32.3 - Prob. 2R Ch. 32.3 - Prob. 3R Ch. 32.4 - Prob. 1R Ch. 32.4 - Prob. 2R

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Explanation of Solution

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