General Physics, 2nd Edition
General Physics, 2nd Edition
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780471522782
Author: Morton M. Sternheim
Publisher: WILEY
bartleby

Concept explainers

Question
Book Icon
Chapter 31, Problem 55E

(a)

To determine

Number of excess thyroid cancers induced by explosions.

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 55E

The number of excess thyroid cancers induced by explosions was 4.30.

Explanation of Solution

Nuclear explosions in atmosphere caused average thyroid dose of 3.1×104rad to 2.2×108persons.

Write the expression of collective dose D received

  D=pd        (I)

Here, p is total population and d is average thyroid dose.

Since 63 cancers are induced per 106person rads of thyroid dose therefore the number of excess cancers is:

  n=D(63)(106person rads)        (II)

Conclusion:

Substitute 3.1×104rad for d and 2.2×108persons for p in expression (I)

  D=(2.2×108persons)(3.1×104rad)=6.82×104person rads

Substitute 6.82×104person rads for D in expression (II)

  n=(6.82×104person rads)(63)(106person rads)=4.30

Thus, the number of excess thyroid cancers induced by explosions was 4.30.

(b)

To determine

Fractional increase in present rate of thyroid cancers.

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 55E

The fractional increase in present rate of thyroid cancers is 1.14×105.

Explanation of Solution

Write the expression of number of thyroid cancers in 45 years due to present rate

  N=r(45year)        (III)

Here, r is present rate of thyroid cancer per year.

Write the expression of fractional increase in present rate

  f=nN        (IV)

Here, f is the fractional increase in percent and N is the number of thyroid cancer cases.

Conclusion:

Substitute 8400year1 for r in expression (III).

  N=(8400year)(45year)=378000

Substitute 378000 for N and 4.30 for n in expression (IV).

  f=(4.30)(378000)=1.14×105

Thus, the fractional increase in present rate of thyroid cancers is 1.14×105.

(c)

To determine

Chance that an infant develops thyroid cancer.

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 55E

The chance that an infant develops thyroid cancer is 1.26×106.

Explanation of Solution

Thyroid doses received by infants are of 0.02rad.

Since 63 cancers are induced per 106person rads of thyroid dose therefore the chances P of an infant developing cancer is:

  P=i(63)(106person rads )        (V)

Here, i is collective dose received by infants.

Conclusion:

Since risk for infants is same as for whole populations therefore the value of i for an individual infant is:

  i=(0.02rad)(1person)=0.02person rad

Substitute 0.02person rad for i in expression (V)

  P=(0.02person rad)(63)(106person rads )=1.26×106

Thus, an infant has chance 1.26×106 of developing thyroid cancer.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!
Students have asked these similar questions
Problem 04.08 (17 points). Answer the following questions related to the figure below. ථි R₁ www R₂ E R₁ www ли R₁ A Use Kirchhoff's laws to calculate the currents through each battery and resistor in terms of R1, R2, E1, & E2. B Given that all the resistances and EMFs have positive values, if E₁ > E2 and R₁ > R2, which direction is the current flowing through E₁? Through R₂? C If E1 E2 and R₁ > R2, which direction is the current flowing through E₁? Through R2?
A 105- and a 45.0-Q resistor are connected in parallel. When this combination is connected across a battery, the current delivered by the battery is 0.268 A. When the 45.0-resistor is disconnected, the current from the battery drops to 0.0840 A. Determine (a) the emf and (b) the internal resistance of the battery. 10 R2 R₁ ww R₁ Emf 14 Emf Final circuit Initial circuit
A ball is shot at an angle of 60° with the ground. What should be the initial velocity of the ball so that it will go inside the ring 8 meters away and 3 meters high. Suppose that you want the ball to be scored exactly at the buzzer, determine the required time to throw and shoot the ball. Full solution and figure if there is.
Knowledge Booster
Background pattern image
Physics
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.
Similar questions
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you
  • Text book image
    College Physics
    Physics
    ISBN:9781938168000
    Author:Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
    Publisher:OpenStax College
    Text book image
    Modern Physics
    Physics
    ISBN:9781111794378
    Author:Raymond A. Serway, Clement J. Moses, Curt A. Moyer
    Publisher:Cengage Learning
    Text book image
    Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
    Physics
    ISBN:9781133104261
    Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
    Publisher:Cengage Learning
  • Text book image
    University Physics Volume 3
    Physics
    ISBN:9781938168185
    Author:William Moebs, Jeff Sanny
    Publisher:OpenStax
    Text book image
    College Physics
    Physics
    ISBN:9781285737027
    Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
    Publisher:Cengage Learning
    Text book image
    College Physics
    Physics
    ISBN:9781305952300
    Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
    Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781938168000
Author:Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
Publisher:OpenStax College
Text book image
Modern Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781111794378
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Clement J. Moses, Curt A. Moyer
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
Physics
ISBN:9781133104261
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
University Physics Volume 3
Physics
ISBN:9781938168185
Author:William Moebs, Jeff Sanny
Publisher:OpenStax
Text book image
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781285737027
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781305952300
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher:Cengage Learning