Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The type of the glycogen synthesis mechanism should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Glycogen synthesis is the process of formation of glycogen from the glucose monomer units. By this process, glucose is stored in the liver cells in the form of glycogen biomacromolecule. This reaction is catalyzed by the glycogen synthase enzyme. The main hormone behind this process is insulin, which signals liver cells to take up glucose and convert it into glycogen.
(b)
Interpretation:
The type of the fatty acid synthesis mechanism should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Fatty acid is an aliphatic
(c)
Interpretation:
The type of mechanism followed by cholesterol synthesis.
Concept introduction:
Cholesterol is the sterol, which is mainly found in animal tissues. In the tissues and blood plasma, cholesterol is found in the free state or bound with the fatty acid chain to form cholesteryl ester. It is formed by fusing four rings together and plays various functions in the human body.
(d)
Interpretation:
The mechanism followed by DNA synthesis process.
Concept introduction:
The building block of DNA and RNA is termed as the nucleotides. Nucleotides are the organic molecules, that plays important roles during cell signaling, enzymatic reactions, and
(e)
Interpretation:
The mechanism followed by RNA synthesis process.
Concept introduction:
The building block of DNA and RNA is termed as the nucleotides. Nucleotides are the organic molecules, that plays important roles during cell signaling, enzymatic reactions, and metabolic reactions. It contains a phosphate group, a ribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base (pyrimidine or purine).
(f)
Interpretation:
Type of mechanism followed by protein synthesis.
Concept introduction:
Protein synthesis (translation) is a process of generating new protein sequences inside the cell. This process takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell. this process is balanced by the degradation or export of cellular proteins. It is constituted of three steps, initiation, elongation, and termination.

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Chapter 31 Solutions
BIOCHEMISTRY W/1 TERM ACHEIVE ACCESS
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- 1. Which one is the major organic product obtained from the following aldol condensation? O NaOH, H₂O heat A B C D Earrow_forwardAn organic chemist ordered the wrong item. She wanted to obtain 1-hydroxy-2-butanone, butinstead ordered 2-hydroxybutyraldehyde. As a good biochemist, show how the organic chemistcould use biological catalysis to make her desired compound. Please show the mechanism by drawing.arrow_forwardShow the fate of the hydrogen on carbon-2 of glucose. Please draw out the structure using curve arrows to show electron flow.arrow_forward
- 3. Which one of the compounds below is the major product formed by the reaction sequence shown here? CH3 + CH3NO2 NaOH H2, Ni ? nitromethane acetophenone OH OH HO HN- u x x x x Ph A HO -NH2 HO H Ph Ph Ph N- H B Ph NH2 D Earrow_forward4. Only ONE of the five compounds below can be prepared by an aldol condensation in which a single carbonyl compound is treated with base. Which one is it? To solve this problem, reverse the aldol condensation that formed each of these molecules to find out what two molecules came together to make the products. The one in which the two molecules are identical is the answer. Ph Ph ཚིག གནས ག ནཱ ཀ ན ཀནཱ A Ph H B Ph Ph H D Ph. Ph Ph E Harrow_forward5. Which one is the major organic product obtained from the following reaction sequence? First, equimolar amounts of cyclopentanone and LDA are mixed at -78°C. Then propionaldehyde (propanal) is added. Addition of aqueous acid completes the process. LDA, -78°C. 1. 2. H₂O* H A B H 0 D H H Earrow_forward
- 2. Which one is the major organic product obtained from the following reaction? NaOH, H₂O heat A B C D Earrow_forwardCH3CH2CHO + propanal PhCH2CHO 2-phenylacetaldehyde mixture of four products NaOH 10. In the crossed aldol reaction of propanal and 2-phenylacetaldehyde shown above, a mixture of four products will be formed. Which ONE of the compounds below will NOT be formed in this crossed aldol reaction? OH Ph A H OH OH Ph H B OH OH H H H Ph Ph C Ph D Earrow_forwardAn organic chemist ordered the wrong item. She wanted to obtain 1-hydroxy-2-butanone, butinstead ordered 2-hydroxybutyraldehyde. As a good biochemist, show how the organic chemistcould use biological catalysis to make her desired compound.arrow_forward
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