Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780073402772
Author: Janice G. Smith
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 31, Problem 31.38P
Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: An explanation for the differences observed in the Tg, and Tm values for the given pair of polymers is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The glass transition temperature and the melt transition temperature are often used to characterize the behavior of a polymer on heating. They are denoted by Tg, and Tm respectively. Tg is the temperature at which hardness of an amorphous polymer decreases to become soft (not melted). Tm is the temperature at which crystalline regions of polymer decreases to become amorphous.

Expert Solution
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Answer to Problem 31.38P

The given Tg, and Tm values of polyester A is lesser than that of PET. It indicates the presence of more ordered crystalline regions and more disordered amorphous regions in PET than in polyester A.

Explanation of Solution

The given pair of polymers is,

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 31, Problem 31.38P , additional homework tip  1

Figure 1

The above polymer chains have both crystalline regions and amorphous regions. The ordered crystalline regions are called crystallites. Crystallites are the sections where polymer chain is bind together by intermolecular interactions. On the contrary amorphous regions are sections where polymer chains are randomly arranged. These sections are held together by weak intermolecular interactions.

A polymer containing high crystallites area possesses high Tm value and a polymer chain containing high amorphous area possesses high Tg value.

The given Tg, and Tm values of polyester A is lesser than that of PET. Thus, it indicates the presence of more ordered crystalline regions and more disordered amorphous regions in PET than in polyester A.

Conclusion

The given Tg, and Tm values of polyester A is lesser than that of PET. It indicates the presence of more ordered crystalline regions and more disordered amorphous regions in PET than in polyester A.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: An explanation for the differences observed in the Tg, and Tm values for the given pair of polymers is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The glass transition temperature and the melt transition temperature are often used to characterize the behavior of a polymer on heating. They are denoted by Tg, and Tm respectively. Tg is the temperature at which hardness of an amorphous polymer decreases to become soft (not melted). Tm is the temperature at which crystalline regions of polymer decreases to become amorphous.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 31.38P

The given Tg, and Tm values of polyester A is lesser than that of nylon 6,6. It indicates the presence of more ordered crystalline regions and more disordered amorphous regions in nylon 6,6 than in polyester A.

Explanation of Solution

The given pair of polymers is,

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 31, Problem 31.38P , additional homework tip  2

Figure 2

The above polymer chains have both crystalline regions and amorphous regions. The ordered crystalline regions are called crystallites. Crystallites are the sections where polymer chain is bind together by intermolecular interactions. On the contrary amorphous regions are sections where polymer chains are randomly arranged. These sections are held together by weak intermolecular interactions.

A polymer containing high crystallites area possesses high Tm value and a polymer chain containing high amorphous area possesses high Tg value.

The given Tg, and Tm values of polyester A is lesser than that of nylon 6,6. Thus, it indicates the presence of more ordered crystalline regions and more disordered amorphous regions in nylon 6,6 than in polyester A.

Conclusion

The given Tg, and Tm values of polyester A is lesser than that of nylon 6,6. It indicates the presence of more ordered crystalline regions and more disordered amorphous regions in nylon 6,6 than in polyester A.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The comparison between the Tm values for Kevlar and the Tm value for nylon 6,6 is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The glass transition temperature and the melt transition temperature are often used to characterize the behavior of a polymer on heating. They are denoted by Tg, and Tm respectively. Tg is the temperature at which hardness of polymer decrease to become soft (not melted). Tm is the temperature at which crystalline regions of polymer decreases to become amorphous.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 31.38P

The Tm value for Kevlar is higher than nylon 6,6.

Explanation of Solution

Kevlar is a polyamide, synthesized by 1,4-diaminobenzene and terephthalic acid. It is light in weight but possesses high strength. It is due to the presence of aromatic rings as polymer backbone. This polymer backbone is much more symmetrical, and ordered than nylon 6,6. It indicates the presence of more crystalline region in Kevlar than nylon 6,6.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 31, Problem 31.38P , additional homework tip  3

Figure 3

Since more ordered polymers have more Tm values, it is expected that the Tm value for Kevlar is higher than that of nylon 6,6.

Conclusion

The Tm value for Kevlar is higher than nylon 6,6.

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Chapter 31 Solutions

Organic Chemistry

Ch. 31 - Prob. 31.11PCh. 31 - Problem 30.12 What polymer is formed by anionic...Ch. 31 - Prob. 31.13PCh. 31 - Prob. 31.14PCh. 31 - Problem 30.15 What polyamide is formed from each...Ch. 31 - Prob. 31.16PCh. 31 - Prob. 31.17PCh. 31 - Prob. 31.18PCh. 31 - Prob. 31.19PCh. 31 - Prob. 31.20PCh. 31 - Prob. 31.21PCh. 31 - Prob. 31.22PCh. 31 - Prob. 31.23PCh. 31 - Prob. 31.24PCh. 31 - Prob. 31.25PCh. 31 - Prob. 31.26PCh. 31 - 30.26 Draw the structure of the polymer formed by...Ch. 31 - Prob. 31.28PCh. 31 - Prob. 31.29PCh. 31 - Prob. 31.30PCh. 31 - Prob. 31.31PCh. 31 - Prob. 31.32PCh. 31 - Prob. 31.33PCh. 31 - Prob. 31.34PCh. 31 - Prob. 31.35PCh. 31 - Prob. 31.36PCh. 31 - Prob. 31.37PCh. 31 - Prob. 31.38PCh. 31 - Prob. 31.39PCh. 31 - 30.39 Draw a stepwise mechanism for the...Ch. 31 - 30.40 Cationic polymerization of 3-phenylpropene ...Ch. 31 - Prob. 31.42PCh. 31 - Prob. 31.43PCh. 31 - 30.43 Although styrene undergoes both cationic and...Ch. 31 - 30.44 Rank the following compounds in order of...Ch. 31 - Prob. 31.46PCh. 31 - Prob. 31.47PCh. 31 - 30.47 Draw a stepwise mechanism for the following...Ch. 31 - 30.48 Draw a stepwise mechanism for the reaction...Ch. 31 - Prob. 31.50PCh. 31 - Prob. 31.51PCh. 31 - Prob. 31.52PCh. 31 - 30.52 (a) Explain why poly (vinyl alcohol) cannot...Ch. 31 - Prob. 31.54PCh. 31 - 30.53 Devise a synthesis of terephthalic acid and...Ch. 31 - Prob. 31.56PCh. 31 - Prob. 31.57PCh. 31 - 30.56 Compound A is a novel poly (ester amide)...Ch. 31 - Researchers at Rutgers University have developed...Ch. 31 - 30.58 Melmac, a thermosetting polymer formed from...Ch. 31 - 30.59 Although chain branching in radical...Ch. 31 - Prob. 31.62P
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