Biology: Concepts and Applications (MindTap Course List)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305967335
Author: Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 31, Problem 1CT
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The reason due to which the color of an arctic hare does not change earlier to match with its altered environment.
Introduction:
Communication among the cells of the body in a living organism is facilitated with the help of the endocrine system. Animal hormones travel through the blood and assist this communication. A hormone known as melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland.
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The human sleep-wake cycle is regulated by melatonin. The synthesis of melatonin is regulated by light exposure (Figure 1). The human body typically develops a sleep-wake rhythm that does not respond quickly to change. Long-term exposure to extended periods of bright light after sunset is most likely to affect a person in which of the following ways?
a) Melatonin synthesis will be increased, and the person will quickly fall asleep.
b) Melatonin synthesis will be inhibited, and the person will have difficulty sleeping.
c) Melatonin synthesis will be inhibited, and the person will quickly fall asleep.
d) Melatonin synthesis will be increased, and the entire sleep-wake cycle will be shifted by several hours.
What is the evolutionary origin of the pineal gland of birds and mammals? Explain the pineal hormone's role, melatonin, in regulating seasonal reproductive rhythms in birds and mammals. Does melatonin have any function in humans?
What is the evolutionary history of birds and mammals' pineal glands? Explain how the pineal hormone melatonin helps birds and mammals regulate seasonal reproductive rhythms. In humans, what role does melatonin perform?
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Biology: Concepts and Applications (MindTap Course List)
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- What is the evolutionary origin of the pineal gland of birds and mammals? Explain the role of the pineal hormone, melatonin, in regulating seasonal reproductive rhythms in birds and mammals. Does melatonin have any function in humans?arrow_forwardList three possible functions of melatonin.arrow_forwardIf you travel across several time zones to the east and want to use melatonin to help reset your circadian rhythm, at what time of day should you take it? What if you travel west?arrow_forward
- Figure 16.14 Goiter, a disease caused by iodine deficiency, results in the inability of the thyroid gland to form T3 and T4 . The body typically attempts to compensate by producing greater amounts of TSH. Which of the following symptoms would you expect goiter to cause? a. Hypothyroidism, resulting in weight gain, cold sensitivity, and reduced mental activity. b. Hyperthyroidism, resulting in weight loss, profuse sweating and increased heart rate. C. Hyperthyroidism, resulting in weight gain, cold sensitivity, and reduced mental activity. d. Hypothyroidism, resulting in weight loss, profuse sweating and increased heart rate.arrow_forwardWhich hormones produced in the posterior and anterior lobes of the pituitary gland have the targets indicated? Below, fill in the blanks using the abbreviations noted in Section 15.3.arrow_forwardWomen who are completely blind tend to undergo puberty at an earlier age than sighted women. They also are less likely to have breast cancer. By one hypothesis, blindness encourages early puberty and discourages breast cancer by its effect on melatonin secretion. Based on this information, would you expect the average melatonin level in blind women to be higher or lower than that of sighted women? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- Predict the hormonal response to each of the following situations. State which hormones will be secreted in response and the effects each hormone will trigger to restore homeostasis. • A person drinks 2 gallons of water in a short period of time, increasing plasma volume significantly. • A person drinks nothing all day except a whole bottle of soy sauce, which has an extremely high sodium ion concentration. • A person eats a meal that is low in carbohydrates but rich in proteins. • A person accidentally stepped in an alligator’s nest and is now being chased by a very unhappy mother alligator.arrow_forwardFunctions of Various Hormones 1. Increases water reabsorption in the kidney tubules 2. Promotes the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys to increase water reabsorption 3. Regulates secretion of hormones by anterior pituitary gland 4. Stimulates mitosis and promotes bone and muscle growth 5. Raises blood glucose level in response to long-term stress 6. Triggers fight-or-flight response for short-term stress Match four of the functions numbered above with the rmones given below. Function: Antidiuretic Hormone: Cortisol Aldosterone Epinephrine hormonearrow_forwardSuppose you are hiking in the Alaskan wilderness when your path crosses that of a bear. What hormone is responsible for your immediate response?arrow_forward
- How hormones can be grouped on the basis of their chemical composition? (Explain)arrow_forwardA hypothetical poison destroys the hypothalamic cells that produce TRH. Predict the effects of this poison on hormone secretion by the anterior pituitary and thyroid glands.arrow_forwardHormones can have drastically different impacts on different target cell types. True or False? This is true. Explain why it is not falsearrow_forward
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