To draw: A phylogenetic tree that illustrates an “escape and radiate” pattern of diversification for plants that evolve novel defenses. Introduction: The phylogenetic history involves the study of DNA sequences of the different varieties of the milkweed plants. The significance includes the analysis of genes which provide the defense mechanisms to these plants. These plants secrete a secretion from the leaves which are eaten by the monarch butterflies leading to the development of the species with resistance to this plant. This leads to the development of more population of the species of insects like butterflies.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 30.4, Problem 10SAQ

Summary Introduction

To draw:

A phylogenetic tree that illustrates an “escape and radiate” pattern of diversification for plants that evolve novel defenses.

Introduction:

The phylogenetic history involves the study of DNA sequences of the different varieties of the milkweed plants. The significance includes the analysis of genes which provide the defense mechanisms to these plants. These plants secrete a secretion from the leaves which are eaten by the monarch butterflies leading to the development of the species with resistance to this plant. This leads to the development of more population of the species of insects like butterflies.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Pictorial representation:

BIOLOGY: HOW LIFE WORKS (LOOSE-LEAF), Chapter 30.4, Problem 10SAQ

Fig.1: The diversification of different species of the milkweed species.

Explanation:

The development of species of the milkweeds has taken place in the evolutionary history. These plants have resin canals or ducts which secrete a chemical. The resin canal or duct is absent in many species of the milkweeds as revealed in the experimental study which indicated that the diversification of these plants have taken place as depicted in the phylogenetic classification.

The DNA analysis of the genes revealed the significance and importance of these defense secretions in plants. The leaves of these plants are eaten by the larvae of monarch butterfly which explains the evolution of more varieties of milkweeds with fewer secretions of cardenolides and less number of latex or resin canals. This has explained the pattern of escape and adaptive radiation.

Conclusion

The phylogenetic tree that explains the “escape and radiate” pattern of the diversification of milkweed plants that evolve novel defenses includes the development of new varieties with less number of latex or resin canals and less number of cardenolides.

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Question #3: In the KeyGene paper, the authors state that it would be useful if pollen from an apomict would transmit apomixis-inducing genes to the female in the cross (assuming the pollen is viable). Assuming there was just one gene conferring gametophytic obligate apomixis, and that the two parents are inbreds, what would be the consequences of such a cross if: a) The apomixis was a dominant trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the parental cross. b) The apomixis was a recessive trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the…

Question #5: Assume that two genes are identified that confer gametophytic facultative apomixis in soybean. The genes show independent assortment. Recessive alleles at both loci are required for the facultative apomixis. Facultative apomixis is triggered when the temperature at pollination is above 20 degrees C. At temperatures below 20 degrees C, all reproduction is sexual, independent of genotype. A facultative apomict male, capable of producing viable pollen, was crossed with a sexually reproducing female. Assuming the parents are completely inbred, what are the predicted phenotypic ratios (apomict: non-apomict) for the F1, F2, and DH (F1-derived) generations at each of the following temperatures*: a) 15°C? b) 25°C? *for full credit, show crosses and genotypes where appropriate. Remember to position the female first (left side) in the cross. Type your answer here:

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 30.4, Problem 10SAQ

Summary Introduction

To draw:

A phylogenetic tree that illustrates an “escape and radiate” pattern of diversification for plants that evolve novel defenses.

Introduction:

The phylogenetic history involves the study of DNA sequences of the different varieties of the milkweed plants. The significance includes the analysis of genes which provide the defense mechanisms to these plants. These plants secrete a secretion from the leaves which are eaten by the monarch butterflies leading to the development of the species with resistance to this plant. This leads to the development of more population of the species of insects like butterflies.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Pictorial representation:

BIOLOGY: HOW LIFE WORKS (LOOSE-LEAF), Chapter 30.4, Problem 10SAQ

Fig.1: The diversification of different species of the milkweed species.

Explanation:

The development of species of the milkweeds has taken place in the evolutionary history. These plants have resin canals or ducts which secrete a chemical. The resin canal or duct is absent in many species of the milkweeds as revealed in the experimental study which indicated that the diversification of these plants have taken place as depicted in the phylogenetic classification.

The DNA analysis of the genes revealed the significance and importance of these defense secretions in plants. The leaves of these plants are eaten by the larvae of monarch butterfly which explains the evolution of more varieties of milkweeds with fewer secretions of cardenolides and less number of latex or resin canals. This has explained the pattern of escape and adaptive radiation.

Conclusion

The phylogenetic tree that explains the “escape and radiate” pattern of the diversification of milkweed plants that evolve novel defenses includes the development of new varieties with less number of latex or resin canals and less number of cardenolides.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 30.4, Problem 10SAQ

Summary Introduction

To draw:

A phylogenetic tree that illustrates an “escape and radiate” pattern of diversification for plants that evolve novel defenses.

Introduction:

The phylogenetic history involves the study of DNA sequences of the different varieties of the milkweed plants. The significance includes the analysis of genes which provide the defense mechanisms to these plants. These plants secrete a secretion from the leaves which are eaten by the monarch butterflies leading to the development of the species with resistance to this plant. This leads to the development of more population of the species of insects like butterflies.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Pictorial representation:

BIOLOGY: HOW LIFE WORKS (LOOSE-LEAF), Chapter 30.4, Problem 10SAQ

Fig.1: The diversification of different species of the milkweed species.

Explanation:

The development of species of the milkweeds has taken place in the evolutionary history. These plants have resin canals or ducts which secrete a chemical. The resin canal or duct is absent in many species of the milkweeds as revealed in the experimental study which indicated that the diversification of these plants have taken place as depicted in the phylogenetic classification.

The DNA analysis of the genes revealed the significance and importance of these defense secretions in plants. The leaves of these plants are eaten by the larvae of monarch butterfly which explains the evolution of more varieties of milkweeds with fewer secretions of cardenolides and less number of latex or resin canals. This has explained the pattern of escape and adaptive radiation.

Conclusion

The phylogenetic tree that explains the “escape and radiate” pattern of the diversification of milkweed plants that evolve novel defenses includes the development of new varieties with less number of latex or resin canals and less number of cardenolides.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 30.4, Problem 10SAQ

Summary Introduction

To draw:

A phylogenetic tree that illustrates an “escape and radiate” pattern of diversification for plants that evolve novel defenses.

Introduction:

The phylogenetic history involves the study of DNA sequences of the different varieties of the milkweed plants. The significance includes the analysis of genes which provide the defense mechanisms to these plants. These plants secrete a secretion from the leaves which are eaten by the monarch butterflies leading to the development of the species with resistance to this plant. This leads to the development of more population of the species of insects like butterflies.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Pictorial representation:

BIOLOGY: HOW LIFE WORKS (LOOSE-LEAF), Chapter 30.4, Problem 10SAQ

Fig.1: The diversification of different species of the milkweed species.

Explanation:

The development of species of the milkweeds has taken place in the evolutionary history. These plants have resin canals or ducts which secrete a chemical. The resin canal or duct is absent in many species of the milkweeds as revealed in the experimental study which indicated that the diversification of these plants have taken place as depicted in the phylogenetic classification.

The DNA analysis of the genes revealed the significance and importance of these defense secretions in plants. The leaves of these plants are eaten by the larvae of monarch butterfly which explains the evolution of more varieties of milkweeds with fewer secretions of cardenolides and less number of latex or resin canals. This has explained the pattern of escape and adaptive radiation.

Conclusion

The phylogenetic tree that explains the “escape and radiate” pattern of the diversification of milkweed plants that evolve novel defenses includes the development of new varieties with less number of latex or resin canals and less number of cardenolides.

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Answer 5

Chapter 30.4, Problem 10SAQ

Summary Introduction

To draw:

A phylogenetic tree that illustrates an “escape and radiate” pattern of diversification for plants that evolve novel defenses.

Introduction:

The phylogenetic history involves the study of DNA sequences of the different varieties of the milkweed plants. The significance includes the analysis of genes which provide the defense mechanisms to these plants. These plants secrete a secretion from the leaves which are eaten by the monarch butterflies leading to the development of the species with resistance to this plant. This leads to the development of more population of the species of insects like butterflies.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Pictorial representation:

BIOLOGY: HOW LIFE WORKS (LOOSE-LEAF), Chapter 30.4, Problem 10SAQ

Fig.1: The diversification of different species of the milkweed species.

Explanation:

The development of species of the milkweeds has taken place in the evolutionary history. These plants have resin canals or ducts which secrete a chemical. The resin canal or duct is absent in many species of the milkweeds as revealed in the experimental study which indicated that the diversification of these plants have taken place as depicted in the phylogenetic classification.

The DNA analysis of the genes revealed the significance and importance of these defense secretions in plants. The leaves of these plants are eaten by the larvae of monarch butterfly which explains the evolution of more varieties of milkweeds with fewer secretions of cardenolides and less number of latex or resin canals. This has explained the pattern of escape and adaptive radiation.

Conclusion

The phylogenetic tree that explains the “escape and radiate” pattern of the diversification of milkweed plants that evolve novel defenses includes the development of new varieties with less number of latex or resin canals and less number of cardenolides.

Answer 6

Chapter 30.4, Problem 10SAQ

Summary Introduction

To draw:

A phylogenetic tree that illustrates an “escape and radiate” pattern of diversification for plants that evolve novel defenses.

Introduction:

The phylogenetic history involves the study of DNA sequences of the different varieties of the milkweed plants. The significance includes the analysis of genes which provide the defense mechanisms to these plants. These plants secrete a secretion from the leaves which are eaten by the monarch butterflies leading to the development of the species with resistance to this plant. This leads to the development of more population of the species of insects like butterflies.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Pictorial representation:

BIOLOGY: HOW LIFE WORKS (LOOSE-LEAF), Chapter 30.4, Problem 10SAQ

Fig.1: The diversification of different species of the milkweed species.

Explanation:

The development of species of the milkweeds has taken place in the evolutionary history. These plants have resin canals or ducts which secrete a chemical. The resin canal or duct is absent in many species of the milkweeds as revealed in the experimental study which indicated that the diversification of these plants have taken place as depicted in the phylogenetic classification.

The DNA analysis of the genes revealed the significance and importance of these defense secretions in plants. The leaves of these plants are eaten by the larvae of monarch butterfly which explains the evolution of more varieties of milkweeds with fewer secretions of cardenolides and less number of latex or resin canals. This has explained the pattern of escape and adaptive radiation.

Conclusion

The phylogenetic tree that explains the “escape and radiate” pattern of the diversification of milkweed plants that evolve novel defenses includes the development of new varieties with less number of latex or resin canals and less number of cardenolides.

Answer 7

Chapter 30.4, Problem 10SAQ

Summary Introduction

To draw:

A phylogenetic tree that illustrates an “escape and radiate” pattern of diversification for plants that evolve novel defenses.

Introduction:

The phylogenetic history involves the study of DNA sequences of the different varieties of the milkweed plants. The significance includes the analysis of genes which provide the defense mechanisms to these plants. These plants secrete a secretion from the leaves which are eaten by the monarch butterflies leading to the development of the species with resistance to this plant. This leads to the development of more population of the species of insects like butterflies.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Pictorial representation:

BIOLOGY: HOW LIFE WORKS (LOOSE-LEAF), Chapter 30.4, Problem 10SAQ

Fig.1: The diversification of different species of the milkweed species.

Explanation:

The development of species of the milkweeds has taken place in the evolutionary history. These plants have resin canals or ducts which secrete a chemical. The resin canal or duct is absent in many species of the milkweeds as revealed in the experimental study which indicated that the diversification of these plants have taken place as depicted in the phylogenetic classification.

The DNA analysis of the genes revealed the significance and importance of these defense secretions in plants. The leaves of these plants are eaten by the larvae of monarch butterfly which explains the evolution of more varieties of milkweeds with fewer secretions of cardenolides and less number of latex or resin canals. This has explained the pattern of escape and adaptive radiation.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Conclusion

The phylogenetic tree that explains the “escape and radiate” pattern of the diversification of milkweed plants that evolve novel defenses includes the development of new varieties with less number of latex or resin canals and less number of cardenolides.

Answer 12

Ch. 30.1 - Prob. 1SAQ Ch. 30.1 - Prob. 2SAQ Ch. 30.1 - Prob. 3SAQ Ch. 30.1 - Prob. 4SAQ Ch. 30.1 - Prob. 5SAQ Ch. 30.2 - Prob. 6SAQ Ch. 30.3 - Prob. 7SAQ Ch. 30.3 - Prob. 8SAQ Ch. 30.3 - Prob. 9SAQ Ch. 30.4 - Prob. 10SAQ

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