Chapter 3, Problem 63E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Balanced form of the stated chemical equation.

Concept introduction:

According to the law of conservation of mass, mass can neither be created nor destroyed. The mass of reactants is equal to the mass of products formed. Therefore a chemical equation, having lesser number of moles of an element on either side of a reaction, is balanced using appropriate numerical coefficients to satisfy the law of conservation of mass.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The mass of $\text{HCl}$ that can react with $\text{0}\text{.500}\text{g}$ of $\text{Al}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{3}}$ .

Concept introduction:
The balanced chemical reaction is:

  $\text{Al}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_3\left(s\right)+3\text{HCl}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{AlCl}}_3\left(aq\right)+3{\text{H}}_2\text{O}\left(l\right)$

Here, one mole of aluminium hydroxide reacts with three moles of hydrogen chloride to form one mole aluminium chloride and three moles of water.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The mass of ${\text{AlCl}}_{\text{3}}$ and ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ formed when $0.500\text{g}$ of $\text{Al}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{3}}$ reacts with $\text{HCl}$ .

Concept introduction:
The balanced chemical reaction is:

  $\text{Al}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_3\left(s\right)+3\text{HCl}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{AlCl}}_3\left(aq\right)+3{\text{H}}_2\text{O}\left(l\right)$

Here, one mole of aluminium hydroxide reacts with three moles of hydrogen chloride to form one mole aluminium chloride and three moles of water.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The justification corresponding to the consistency of the solutions in part (b) and part (c) with the law of conservation of mass.

Concept introduction:
According to the law of conservation of mass,

  $\begin{array}{c}\text{Mass}\text{of}\text{reactants}=\text{Mass}\text{of}\text{products}\\ \text{Mass}\text{of}\text{Al}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_3+\text{Mass}\text{of}\text{HCl}=\text{Mass}\text{of}{\text{AlCl}}_3+\text{Mass}\text{of}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\end{array}$