Concept explainers
3-21 Write the formula for the most stable ion formed by each element.
(a) Mg
(b) F
(c) Al
(d)S
(e)K
(f) Br
Interpretation:
The formula for the most stable ion formed by
Concept Introduction:
Octet rule: generally all atoms will lose, gain or share electrons to attain 8 valence electrons; the electronic configuration of the nearest noble element.
Duet rule: generally some atoms like hydrogen, lithium, beryllium will lose, gain or share electrons to attain 2 valence electrons; the electronic configuration of the nearest noble element like helium.
Answer to Problem 5P
The formula for the most stable ion formed by
Explanation of Solution
The atomic number or number of electrons of
When
The electronic configuration of the nearest noble element like helium, neon argon is the stable configuration hence the formula for the most stable ion formed by
Interpretation:
The formula for the most stable ion formed by
Concept Introduction:
Octet rule: generally all atoms will lose, gain or share electrons to attain 8 valence electrons; the electronic configuration of the nearest noble element.
Duet rule: generally some atoms like hydrogen, lithium, beryllium will lose, gain or share electrons to attain 2 valence electrons; the electronic configuration of the nearest noble element like helium.
Answer to Problem 5P
The formula for the most stable ion formed by
Explanation of Solution
The atomic number or number of electrons of
When
The electronic configuration of the nearest noble element like helium, neon argon is the stable configuration hence the formula for the most stable ion formed by
Interpretation:
The formula for the most stable ion formed by
Concept Introduction:
Octet rule: generally all atoms will lose, gain or share electrons to attain 8 valence electrons; the electronic configuration of the nearest noble element.
Duet rule: generally some atoms like hydrogen, lithium, beryllium will lose, gain or share electrons to attain 2 valence electrons; the electronic configuration of the nearest noble element like helium.
Answer to Problem 5P
The formula for the most stable ion formed by
Explanation of Solution
The atomic number or number of electrons of
When
The electronic configuration of the nearest noble element like helium, neon argon is the stable configuration hence the formula for the most stable ion formed by
Interpretation:
The formula for the most stable ion formed by
Concept Introduction:
Octet rule: generally all atoms will lose, gain or share electrons to attain 8 valence electrons; the electronic configuration of the nearest noble element.
Duet rule: generally some atoms like hydrogen, lithium, beryllium will lose, gain or share electrons to attain 2 valence electrons; the electronic configuration of the nearest noble element like helium.
Answer to Problem 5P
The formula for the most stable ion formed by
Explanation of Solution
The atomic number or number of electrons of
When
The electronic configuration of the nearest noble element like helium, neon argon is the stable configuration hence the formula for the most stable ion formed by
Interpretation:
The formula for the most stable ion formed by
Concept Introduction:
Octet rule: generally all atoms will lose, gain or share electrons to attain 8 valence electrons; the electronic configuration of the nearest noble element.
Duet rule: generally some atoms like hydrogen, lithium, beryllium will lose, gain or share electrons to attain 2 valence electrons; the electronic configuration of the nearest noble element like helium.
Answer to Problem 5P
The formula for the most stable ion formed by
Explanation of Solution
The atomic number or number of electrons of
When
The electronic configuration of the nearest noble element like helium, neon argon is the stable configuration hence the formula for the most stable ion formed by
Interpretation:
The formula for the most stable ion formed by
Concept Introduction:
Octet rule: generally all atoms will lose, gain or share electrons to attain 8 valence electrons; the electronic configuration of the nearest noble element.
Duet rule: generally some atoms like hydrogen, lithium, beryllium will lose, gain or share electrons to attain 2 valence electrons; the electronic configuration of the nearest noble element like helium.
Answer to Problem 5P
The formula for the most stable ion formed by
Explanation of Solution
The atomic number or number of electrons of
When
The electronic configuration of the nearest noble element like helium, neon argon is the stable configuration hence the formula for the most stable ion formed by
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Chapter 3 Solutions
INTRO.TO GENERAL,ORGAN...-OWLV2 ACCESS
- 3-58 In Section 2-3B, we saw that there are seven diatomic elements. (a) Draw Lewis structures for each of these diatomic elements. (b) Which diatomic elements are gases at room temperature? Which are liquids? Which are solids?arrow_forward3-41 Describe the structure of sodium chloride in the solid state.arrow_forward2-98 Explain how the ionization energy of atoms changes when proceeding down a group of the Periodic Table and explain why this change occurs.arrow_forward
- 3-25 Why are carbon and silicon reluctant to form ionic bonds?arrow_forward3-63 What is the difference between (a) a bromine atom, (b) a bromine molecule, and (c) a bromide ion? Draw the Lewis structure for each.arrow_forward3-26 Table 3-2 shows the following ions of copper: Cu+ and Cu2+. Do these violate the octet rule? Explain.arrow_forward
- 3-78 Nitrous oxide, N20, laughing gas, is a colorless, nontoxic, tasteless, and odorless gas. It is used as an inhalation anesthetic in dental and other surgeries. Because nitrous oxide is soluble in vegetable oils (fats), it is used commercially as a propellant in whipped toppings Nitrous oxide dissolves in fats. The gas is added under pressure to cans of whipped topping. When the valve is opened, the gas expands, thus expanding (whipping) the topping and forcing it out of the can. (a) How many valence electrons are present in a molecule of N20? (b) Write two equivalent contributing structures for this molecule. The connectivity in nitrous oxide is NNO. (c) Explain why the following is not an acceptable contributing structure:arrow_forward3-46 Which formulas are not correct? For each that is not correct, write the correct formula. (a) Calcium oxide; CaO2 (b) Lithium oxide; LiO (c) Sodium hydrogen phosphate; NaHPO4 (d) Ammonium nitrate; NH4NO3arrow_forward2-59 You are presented with a Lewis dot structure of element X as X.. To which two groups in the Periodic Table might this element belong?arrow_forward
- Draw the Lewis structures for each of the following ions or molecules. Give the number of electrons in each species. Remember to enclose ion s in square brackets with the charge as a superscript outside the right bracket. (a) SO 2 (b) XeO 2 F 2 (Xe is the central atom) (c) ClF 3 (d) ClO 2 F (Cl is the central atom) (e) BrO 4 -arrow_forwardConsider the following elements in their stable forms: Chlorine Fluorine Bromine Carbon Then for each of the following questions, enter the number listed (1-4) before the element, for elements that satisfy the criterion. Enter the number(s) in order with no separators. If none, type "none" or leave blank. (a) Which of these elements have allotropes? fill in the blank 2d8840092ffc02e_1 (b) Which of these elements exist as diatomic molecules? fill in the blank 2d8840092ffc02e_2 (c) Which of these elements exist as a metallic lattice?arrow_forwardAnswer true or false. (a) The name of a binary ionic compound consists of the name of the positive ion followed by the name of the negative ion. (b) In naming binary ionic compounds, it is necessary to state the number of each ion present in the compound. (c) The formula of aluminum oxide is Al2 O3 . (d) Both copper(II) oxide and cupric oxide are acceptable names for CuO. (e) The systematic name for Fe2 O3 is iron(II) oxide. (f) The systematic name for FeCO3 is iron carbonate. (g) The systematic name for NaH2PO4 is sodium di- hydrogen phosphate. (h) The systematic name for K2HPO4 is dipotassium hydrogen phosphate. (i) The systematic name for Na2O is sodium oxide. (j) The systematic name for PCl3 is potassium chloride. (k) The formula of ammonium carbonate is NH4CO3. 39. (a) A covalent bond is formed between two atoms whose difference in electronegativity is less than 1.9. (b) If the difference in electronegativity between two atoms is zero (they have identical electronegativ- ities),…arrow_forward
- Introduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning