Connect with LearnSmart for Krauskopf: The Physical Universe, 16e
16th Edition
ISBN: 9781259663895
Author: KRAUSKOPF, Konrad B.
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Higher Education (us)
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Textbook Question
Chapter 3, Problem 5MC
The total amount of energy (including the rest energy of matter) in the universe
- a. cannot change
- b. can decrease but not increase
- c. can increase but not decrease
- d. can either increase or decrease
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Students have asked these similar questions
Which one of the following statements
concerning the principle of conservation of
energy is false?
а.
The total energy in the universe has
a constant value.
b. Kinetic energy may be converted
into gravitational potential energy
and heat.
c. Thermal energy may be converted
into kinetic energy and kinetic
energy may be converted into
thermal energy.
d. Chemical energy may be converted
into thermal energy and
gravitational potential energy.
е.
The net work done on an object
must be zero joules since energy is
neither created nor destroyed in the
process.
If the speed of a particle is doubled, what happens to its kinetic energy?
a. It will be half.
b. It will be square root of twice as large.
c. It will be four times bigger.
d. It does not change
e. It will be twice as big.
What is the best description of gravitational potential energy?
a. The energy stored, dependent on the object's height from the ground.
b. The strength from a moving object.
c. The energy exerted through stretching or squashing an object.
d. The strength stored between molecules, in chemical bonds.
Chapter 3 Solutions
Connect with LearnSmart for Krauskopf: The Physical Universe, 16e
Ch. 3 - Which of the following is not a unit of work? a....Ch. 3 - An object at rest may have a. velocity b. momentum...Ch. 3 - A moving object must have which one or more of the...Ch. 3 - When the momentum of a moving object is increased,...Ch. 3 - The total amount of energy (including the rest...Ch. 3 - When the speed of a moving object is halved, a....Ch. 3 - Two balls, one of mass 5 kg and the other of mass...Ch. 3 - A bomb dropped from an airplane explodes in...Ch. 3 - The operation of a rocket is based upon a. pushing...Ch. 3 - A spinning skater whose arms are at her sides then...
Ch. 3 - Prob. 11MCCh. 3 - The formula 12 mv2 for kinetic energy a. is the...Ch. 3 - A spacecraft has left the earth and is moving...Ch. 3 - The upper limit to the speed of an object with...Ch. 3 - It is not true that a. light is affected by...Ch. 3 - Albert Einstein did not discover that a. the...Ch. 3 - The work done in holding a 50-kg object at a...Ch. 3 - The work done in lifting 30 kg of bricks to a...Ch. 3 - A total of 4900 J is used to lift a 50-kg mass....Ch. 3 - The work a 300-W electric grinder can do in 5.0...Ch. 3 - A 150-kg yak has an average power output of 120 W....Ch. 3 - A 40-kg boy runs up a flight of stairs 4 m high in...Ch. 3 - Car A has a mass of 1000 kg and is moving at 60...Ch. 3 - A 1-kg object has a potential energy of 1 J...Ch. 3 - A 1-kg object has kinetic energy of 1 J when its...Ch. 3 - The 2-kg blade of an ax is moving at 60 m/s when...Ch. 3 - The highest MA that can be obtained by a system of...Ch. 3 - A machine has a MA of 6.0. The work input needed...Ch. 3 - A person uses a force of 300 N to pry up one end...Ch. 3 - A 1-kg ball is thrown in the air. When it is 10 m...Ch. 3 - A 10,000-kg freight car moving at 2 m/s collides...Ch. 3 - A 30-kg girl and a 25-kg boy are standing on...Ch. 3 - An object has a rest energy of 1 J when its mass...Ch. 3 - The smallest part of the total energy of the ball...Ch. 3 - The lightest particle in an atom is an electron,...Ch. 3 - A person holds a 10-kg package 1.2 m above the...Ch. 3 - Under what circumstances (if any) is no work done...Ch. 3 - The sun exerts a gravitational force of 4.0 1028...Ch. 3 - A crate is pushed across a horizontal floor at...Ch. 3 - A total of 490 J of work is needed to lift a body...Ch. 3 - A woman eats a cupcake and proposes to work off...Ch. 3 - The acceleration of gravity on the surface of Mars...Ch. 3 - The kilowatt-hour is a unit of what physical...Ch. 3 - The motor of a boat develops 60 kW when the boats...Ch. 3 - How much power must the legs of a 70-kg man...Ch. 3 - A weightlifter raises a 70-kg barbell from the...Ch. 3 - An escalator 14 m long is carrying a 70-kg person...Ch. 3 - A 700-kg horse whose power output is 1.0 hp is...Ch. 3 - A persons metabolic processes can usually operate...Ch. 3 - A crane whose motor has a power input of 5.0 kW...Ch. 3 - A total of 104 kg of water per second flows over a...Ch. 3 - Which of these energies might correspond to the KE...Ch. 3 - What is the speed of an 800-kg car whose KE is 250...Ch. 3 - A moving object whose initial KE is 10 J is...Ch. 3 - Is the work needed to bring a cars speed from 0 to...Ch. 3 - A 1-kg salmon is hooked by a fisherman and it...Ch. 3 - Prob. 22ECh. 3 - How long will it take a 1000-kg car with a power...Ch. 3 - Does every moving body possess kinetic energy?...Ch. 3 - As we will learn in Chap. 6, electric charges of...Ch. 3 - A 60-kg woman jumps off a wall 80 cm high and...Ch. 3 - Why does a nail become hot when it is hammered...Ch. 3 - A 3-kg stone is dropped from a height of 100 m....Ch. 3 - Prob. 29ECh. 3 - Prob. 30ECh. 3 - A ball is dropped from a height of 1 m and loses...Ch. 3 - A person sitting under a coconut palm is struck by...Ch. 3 - A skier is sliding downhill at 8 m/s when she...Ch. 3 - A force of 10 N is used to lift a 600-g ball from...Ch. 3 - A person uses a force of 49 N to raise a 30-kg...Ch. 3 - Prob. 36ECh. 3 - The human forearm is a class III lever. Find the...Ch. 3 - A ramp 20 m long slopes down 1.2 m to the edge of...Ch. 3 - In an effort to lose weight, a person runs 5 km...Ch. 3 - An 80-kg crate is raised 2 m from the ground by a...Ch. 3 - An 800-kg car coasts down a hill 40 m high with...Ch. 3 - (a) When an object at rest explodes into two parts...Ch. 3 - A golf ball and a Ping-Pong ball are dropped in a...Ch. 3 - Is it possible for an object to have more kinetic...Ch. 3 - What happens to the momentum of a car when it...Ch. 3 - The speed of an airplane doubles in flight. (a)...Ch. 3 - When the kinetic energy of an object is doubled,...Ch. 3 - What, if anything, happens to the speed of a...Ch. 3 - A ball of mass m rolling on a smooth surface...Ch. 3 - A railway car is at rest on a frictionless track....Ch. 3 - An empty dump truck coasts freely with its engine...Ch. 3 - A boy throws a 4-kg pumpkin at 8 m/s to a 40-kg...Ch. 3 - A 30-kg girl who is running at 3 m/s jumps on a...Ch. 3 - A 70-kg man and a 50-kg woman are in a 60-kg boat...Ch. 3 - The 176-g head of a golf club is moving at 45 m/s...Ch. 3 - A 40-kg skater moving at 4 m/s overtakes a 60-kg...Ch. 3 - The two skaters of Exercise 56 are moving in...Ch. 3 - A 1000-kg car moving east at 80 km/h collides...Ch. 3 - As the polar ice caps melt, the length of the day...Ch. 3 - All helicopters have two rotors. Some have both...Ch. 3 - The earthquake that caused the Indian Ocean...Ch. 3 - What are the two postulates from which Einstein...Ch. 3 - The theory of relativity predicts a variety of...Ch. 3 - What physical quantity will all observers always...Ch. 3 - The length of a rod is measured by several...Ch. 3 - Under what circumstances does it become...Ch. 3 - Why is it impossible for an object to move faster...Ch. 3 - The potential energy of a golf ball in a hole is...Ch. 3 - What is the effect on the law of conservation of...Ch. 3 - A certain walking person uses energy at an average...Ch. 3 - One kilogram of water at 0C contains 335 kJ of...Ch. 3 - When 1 g of gasoline is burned in an engine, about...Ch. 3 - Approximately 5.4 106 J of chemical energy is...Ch. 3 - Approximately 4 109 kg of matter is converted...
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- A system consists of three particles, each of mass 5.00 g, located at the corners of an equilateral triangle with sides of 30.0 cm. (a) Calculate the gravitational potential energy of the system. (b) Assume the particles are released simultaneously. Describe the subsequent motion of each. Will any collisions take place? Explain.arrow_forwardThis problem gives some idea of the magnitude of the energy yield of a small tactical bomb. Assume that half the energy of a 1.00kT nuclear depth charge set off under an aircraft carrier goes into lifting it out of the water—that is, into gravitational potential energy. How high is the carrier lifted if its mass is 90,000 tons?arrow_forward1- Determine the kinetic energy in kJ of a 749 kg roller coaster car that is moving with a speed of 20.35 m/s. where KE = 2 mass * V?arrow_forward
- 2. Explain gravitational potential energy and relate the gravitational potential energy of a system or object to the configuration of the system.arrow_forward5. According to the law of conservation of energy, the total amount of energy in the universe a. remains constant c. increases d. decreases b. changes constantly 6. A device that does work with only one movement and changes the size or direction of a force is a(n)_ a. compound machine b. effort machine с. screw d. simple machine 7. The amount by which a machine multiplies an effort force is called the a. efficiency factor b. fulcrum c. mechanical advantage d. resistance force 8. A machine that has the same output force as the input force has a mechanical advantage of с. 5 d. 1 a. 100 b. 10 9. The unit of power is the a. joule b. watt с. m/s d. second 10. Machines make tasks easier by changing either the magnitude or the direction of the a. force b. work needed. c. energy d. velocity 1/6 >arrow_forward1. Why can't we use 'Ug = mgh' as the gravitational potential energy formula for points in space that are not 'near' the Earth's surface?arrow_forward
- 2. What is the maximum value for gravitational potential energy that an object can posses? (In reality it only approaches this value.)arrow_forwardThe work required to accelerate an object on a frictionless surface from speed v to 2v is a. You cannot know without knowledge of acceleration. b. Four times the work required to accelerate the object from 2v to 3v. c. Three times the work required to accelerate the object from v=0 to v. d. Equal to the work required to accelerate the object from v=0 to v. e. Twice the work required to accelerate the object from v=0 to v.arrow_forward1. An object of mass 10kg falls from a height 50m to the ground. a.Calculate the potential energy after falling through 30m. b. The velocity of the object after falling through 30m c. The velocity of the object just before it hits the ground.arrow_forward
- 1arrow_forward2. A 3 kg object moves under the influence of the potential energy 1 x2 S(x) = (x − 4)³ - 12 +5 Shown in the Pic #2. (a) Find the force exerted on the mass at x=2 m. The mass is placed at x=4 and released. Giving it a total energy of 1 J. (b) Write an equation that would allow you to determine where the object will come to rest again (do not solve) Pic #2 S-(Potential Energy) 6 X 4 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 0 1 2 I 3 -10 7 8 00 9 10arrow_forwardwhat happens to the “lost” kinetic energy that is not converted to gravitational potential energy? A. The ”lost” energy is converted to other forms of energy, such as heat, sound, and light; energy conservation is intact. B. The ”lost” energy is indeed truly lost, and in this instance total energy is not con- served.arrow_forward
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Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy; Author: Professor Dave explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g7u6pIfUVy4;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY