Introductory Statistics
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780135188927
Author: Gould, Robert, Ryan, Colleen N. (colleen Nooter)
Publisher: Pearson,
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Textbook Question
Chapter 3, Problem 41SE
Name two measures of the center of a distribution, and state the conditions under which each is preferred for describing the typical value of a single data set.
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Students have asked these similar questions
29
Suppose that a mound-shaped data set has a
must mean of 10 and standard deviation of 2.
a. About what percentage of the data should
lie between 6 and 12?
b. About what percentage of the data should
lie between 4 and 6?
c. About what percentage of the data should
lie below 4?
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28 Suppose that a mound-shaped data set has a
mean of 10 and standard deviation of 2.
a. About what percentage of the data should
lie between 8 and 12?
b. About what percentage of the data should
lie above 10?
c. About what percentage of the data should
lie above 12?
27 Suppose that you have a data set of 1, 2, 2, 3,
3, 3, 4, 4, 5, and you assume that this sample
represents a population. The mean is 3 and g
the standard deviation is 1.225.10
a. Explain why you can apply the empirical
rule to this data set.
b. Where would "most of the values" in the
population fall, based on this data set?
Chapter 3 Solutions
Introductory Statistics
Ch. 3 - Earnings A sociologist says, “Typically, men in...Ch. 3 - Houses A real estate agent claims that all things...Ch. 3 - Exercise Hours (Example 1) The histogram shows the...Ch. 3 - Sodium The following histogram shows the sodium...Ch. 3 - Tall Buildings The table shows the location and...Ch. 3 - Roller Coasters The table shows the names and...Ch. 3 - River Lengths (Example 2) The table shows the...Ch. 3 - Children of First Ladies This list represents the...Ch. 3 - 200-Meter Run The table show the gold medal...Ch. 3 - Olympic Swimming Times The table shows the...
Ch. 3 - Wedding Costs by Gender (Example 3) StatCrunch did...Ch. 3 - Wedding Costs by Experience StatCrunch did a...Ch. 3 - Surfing College students and surfers Rex Robinson...Ch. 3 - State College Tuition The tuition costs (in...Ch. 3 - Winter Temperatures San Jose and Denver (Example...Ch. 3 - Summer Temperatures L.A. and NYC The histograms...Ch. 3 - Weight Gain during Pregnancy (Example 5) The mean...Ch. 3 - Birth Length The mean birth length for U.S....Ch. 3 - Orange Juice Prices (Example 6) From Amazon.com,...Ch. 3 - Sibling Ages Four siblings are 2, 6, 9, and 10...Ch. 3 - Olympics In the most recent summer Olympics, do...Ch. 3 - Weights Suppose you have a data set with the...Ch. 3 - Home Prices (SC and TN) The prices (in $ thousand)...Ch. 3 - Home Prices (FL and GA) The prices (in $ thousand)...Ch. 3 - Drinkers The number of alcoholic drinks per week...Ch. 3 - Prob. 26SECh. 3 - Standard Deviation Is it possible for a standard...Ch. 3 - Standard Deviation Is it possible for a standard...Ch. 3 - Major League Baseball Runs (Example 7) The...Ch. 3 - Residential Energy Consumption (East) Data on...Ch. 3 - Pollution Index (Example 8) In 2017 a pollution...Ch. 3 - Pollution Index In 2017 a pollution index was...Ch. 3 - Heights and z-Scores The dotplot shows heights of...Ch. 3 - Heights Refer to the dotplot in the previous...Ch. 3 - Unusual IQs (Example 9) Wechsler IQ tests have a...Ch. 3 - Lengths of Pregnancy Distributions of gestation...Ch. 3 - Low-Birth-Weight Babies (Example 10) Babies born...Ch. 3 - Birth Lengths Babies born after 40 weeks gestation...Ch. 3 - Men’s Heights Assume that men’s heights have a...Ch. 3 - Women’s Heights Assume that women’s heights have a...Ch. 3 - Name two measures of the center of a distribution,...Ch. 3 - Name two measures of the variation of a...Ch. 3 - Marvel Movies (Example 11 and 13) The top ten...Ch. 3 - DC Movies The top seven movies based on DC comic...Ch. 3 - Top Seven Marvel Movies (Example 12) Use the data...Ch. 3 - Top Five DC Movies Use the data in Exercise 3.44,...Ch. 3 - Total Energy Consumption Data was collected on the...Ch. 3 - Industrial Energy Consumption Data was collected...Ch. 3 - Outliers a. In your own words, describe to someone...Ch. 3 - Center and Variation When you are comparing two...Ch. 3 - An Error A dieter recorded the number of calories...Ch. 3 - Baseball Strike In 1994, Major League Baseball...Ch. 3 - Home Prices Home prices in San Luis Obispo County...Ch. 3 - Youth Heights The National Longitudinal Survey...Ch. 3 - Senator Years in Office (Example 14) The following...Ch. 3 - MLB Player Ages The following histograms show the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 57SECh. 3 - Death Row: West The following table shows the...Ch. 3 - The Consumer Price Index (CPI) (Example 16)...Ch. 3 - Prob. 60SECh. 3 - Prob. 61SECh. 3 - Mean from a Histogram The histogram shows the...Ch. 3 - Poverty Rates The following boxplot shows the...Ch. 3 - Regional Population Density The figure shows the...Ch. 3 - Professional Sport Ticket Prices The following...Ch. 3 - BA Attainment The following boxplot shows the...Ch. 3 - Matching Boxplots and Histograms a. Report the...Ch. 3 - Matching Boxplots and Histograms Match each of the...Ch. 3 - Public Libraries Data at this text’s website show...Ch. 3 - Gas Taxes Data at this text’s website show the gas...Ch. 3 - Roller Coaster Heights (Example 17) The dotplot...Ch. 3 - Passing the Bar Exam The following dotplot shows...Ch. 3 - Exam Scores The five-number summary for a...Ch. 3 - Exam Scores The five-number summary for a...Ch. 3 - Prob. 75CRECh. 3 - Gas Taxes (West) The following table shows the gas...Ch. 3 - Final Exam Grades The data that follow are final...Ch. 3 - Speeding Tickets College students Diane Glover and...Ch. 3 - Heights The following graph shows the heights for...Ch. 3 - Marathon Times The following histogram of marathon...Ch. 3 - Prob. 81CRECh. 3 - Chain Restaurant Calories The New York Times...Ch. 3 - 12th-Grade Sleep The histogram shows hours of...Ch. 3 - For exercises 3.85 through 3.88, construct two...Ch. 3 - For exercises 3.85 through 3.88, construct two...Ch. 3 - For exercises 3.85 through 3.88, construct two...Ch. 3 - For exercises 3.85 through 3.88, construct two...Ch. 3 - Educational Attainment The tables below show the...Ch. 3 - Unemployment Rates The tables below show the 2015...Ch. 3 - Professional Sports Ticket Prices The following...Ch. 3 - Professional Sports Ticket Prices The following...Ch. 3 - Exam Scores An exam score has a mean of 80 and a...Ch. 3 - Boys’ Heights Three-year-old boys in the United...Ch. 3 - SAT and ACT Scores Quantitative SAT scores have a...Ch. 3 - Children’s Heights Mrs. Diaz has two children: a...Ch. 3 - Prob. 97CRECh. 3 - Students’ Ages Here are the ages of some students...Ch. 3 - Race Times The following graph shows the time it...Ch. 3 - Prob. 100CRECh. 3 - Prob. 101CRECh. 3 - Prob. 102CRE
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- 30 Explain how you can use the empirical rule to find out whether a data set is mound- shaped, using only the values of the data themselves (no histogram available).arrow_forward5. Let X be a positive random variable with finite variance, and let A = (0, 1). Prove that P(X AEX) 2 (1-A)² (EX)² EX2arrow_forward6. Let, for p = (0, 1), and xe R. X be a random variable defined as follows: P(X=-x) = P(X = x)=p. P(X=0)= 1-2p. Show that there is equality in Chebyshev's inequality for X. This means that Chebyshev's inequality, in spite of being rather crude, cannot be improved without additional assumptions.arrow_forward
- 4. Prove that, for any random variable X, the minimum of EIX-al is attained for a = med (X).arrow_forward8. Recall, from Sect. 2.16.4, the likelihood ratio statistic, Ln, which was defined as a product of independent, identically distributed random variables with mean 1 (under the so-called null hypothesis), and the, sometimes more convenient, log-likelihood, log L, which was a sum of independent, identically distributed random variables, which, however, do not have mean log 1 = 0. (a) Verify that the last claim is correct, by proving the more general statement, namely that, if Y is a non-negative random variable with finite mean, then E(log Y) log(EY). (b) Prove that, in fact, there is strict inequality: E(log Y) < log(EY), unless Y is degenerate. (c) Review the proof of Jensen's inequality, Theorem 5.1. Generalize with a glimpse on (b).arrow_forward3. Prove that, for any random variable X, the minimum of E(X - a)² is attained for a = EX. Provedarrow_forward
- 7. Cantelli's inequality. Let X be a random variable with finite variance, o². (a) Prove that, for x ≥ 0, P(X EX2x)≤ 02 x² +0² 202 P(|X - EX2x)<≤ (b) Find X assuming two values where there is equality. (c) When is Cantelli's inequality better than Chebyshev's inequality? (d) Use Cantelli's inequality to show that med (X) - EX ≤ o√√3; recall, from Proposition 6.1, that an application of Chebyshev's inequality yields the bound o√√2. (e) Generalize Cantelli's inequality to moments of order r 1.arrow_forwardThe college hiking club is having a fundraiser to buy new equipment for fall and winter outings. The club is selling Chinese fortune cookies at a price of $2 per cookie. Each cookie contains a piece of paper with a different number written on it. A random drawing will determine which number is the winner of a dinner for two at a local Chinese restaurant. The dinner is valued at $32. Since fortune cookies are donated to the club, we can ignore the cost of the cookies. The club sold 718 cookies before the drawing. Lisa bought 13 cookies. Lisa's expected earnings can be found by multiplying the value of the dinner by the probability that she will win. What are Lisa's expected earnings? Round your answer to the nearest cent.arrow_forwardThe Honolulu Advertiser stated that in Honolulu there was an average of 659 burglaries per 400,000 households in a given year. In the Kohola Drive neighborhood there are 321 homes. Let r be the number of homes that will be burglarized in a year. Use the formula for Poisson distribution. What is the value of p, the probability of success, to four decimal places?arrow_forward
- The college hiking club is having a fundraiser to buy new equipment for fall and winter outings. The club is selling Chinese fortune cookies at a price of $2 per cookie. Each cookie contains a piece of paper with a different number written on it. A random drawing will determine which number is the winner of a dinner for two at a local Chinese restaurant. The dinner is valued at $32. Since fortune cookies are donated to the club, we can ignore the cost of the cookies. The club sold 718 cookies before the drawing. Lisa bought 13 cookies. Lisa's expected earnings can be found by multiplying the value of the dinner by the probability that she will win. What are Lisa's expected earnings? Round your answer to the nearest cent.arrow_forwardWhat was the age distribution of nurses in Great Britain at the time of Florence Nightingale? Thanks to Florence Nightingale and the British census of 1851, we have the following information (based on data from the classic text Notes on Nursing, by Florence Nightingale). Note: In 1851 there were 25,466 nurses in Great Britain. Furthermore, Nightingale made a strict distinction between nurses and domestic servants. Use a histogram and graph the probability distribution. Using the graph of the probability distribution determine the probability that a British nurse selected at random in 1851 would be 40 years of age or older. Round your answer to nearest thousandth. Age range (yr) 20–29 30–39 40–49 50–59 60–69 70–79 80+ Midpoint (x) 24.5 34.5 44.5 54.5 64.5 74.5 84.5 Percent of nurses 5.7% 9.7% 19.5% 29.2% 25.0% 9.1% 1.8%arrow_forwardWhat was the age distribution of nurses in Great Britain at the time of Florence Nightingale? Thanks to Florence Nightingale and the British census of 1851, we have the following information (based on data from the classic text Notes on Nursing, by Florence Nightingale). Note: In 1851 there were 25,466 nurses in Great Britain. Furthermore, Nightingale made a strict distinction between nurses and domestic servants. Use a histogram and graph the probability distribution. Using the graph of the probability distribution determine the probability that a British nurse selected at random in 1851 would be 40 years of age or older. Round your answer to nearest thousandth. Age range (yr) 20–29 30–39 40–49 50–59 60–69 70–79 80+ Midpoint (x) 24.5 34.5 44.5 54.5 64.5 74.5 84.5 Percent of nurses 5.7% 9.7% 19.5% 29.2% 25.0% 9.1% 1.8%arrow_forward
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