Chapter 3, Problem 3.79EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element has to be identified from the total number of electrons present that has electronic configuration as $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^4$.

Concept Introduction:

Electronic configuration of an atom describes how many electrons are present in the shell.  Many orbitals are present about the nucleus of an atom.  In these orbitals the electrons do not occupy randomly.  There are three rules for assigning the electrons to various shells, subshells, and orbitals.  They are,

• The subshells are filled in increasing order of energy.
• In a subshell, the electrons occupy the orbital singly first in all orbitals before pairing up by the second electron.  All the electrons that are in singly occupied orbitals have same spin.
• In a given orbital there cannot be more than two electrons and they have opposite spins.

Electronic configuration of an element is the one that gives information about how many electrons are present in each electron subshell of an atom.  The electrons are added to the subshells in increasing order of energy.  Electronic configurations are written in shorthand notation which uses a number‑letter combination.  The shell is indicated by the number and subshell is indicated by the letter.  Superscript that follows the subshell tells how many electrons are present in the subshell.

The order of filling up the electrons in the subshell is done as shown in the given figure below.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element has to be identified from the total number of electrons present that has electronic configuration as $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^6$.

Concept Introduction:

Electronic configuration of an atom describes how many electrons are present in the shell.  Many orbitals are present about the nucleus of an atom.  In these orbitals the electrons do not occupy randomly.  There are three rules for assigning the electrons to various shells, subshells, and orbitals.  They are,

• The subshells are filled in increasing order of energy.
• In a subshell, the electrons occupy the orbital singly first in all orbitals before pairing up by the second electron.  All the electrons that are in singly occupied orbitals have same spin.
• In a given orbital there cannot be more than two electrons and they have opposite spins.

Electronic configuration of an element is the one that gives information about how many electrons are present in each electron subshell of an atom.  The electrons are added to the subshells in increasing order of energy.  Electronic configurations are written in shorthand notation which uses a number‑letter combination.  The shell is indicated by the number and subshell is indicated by the letter.  Superscript that follows the subshell tells how many electrons are present in the subshell.

The order of filling up the electrons in the subshell is done as shown in the given figure below.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element has to be identified from the total number of electrons present that has electronic configuration as $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^1$.

Concept Introduction:

Electronic configuration of an atom describes how many electrons are present in the shell.  Many orbitals are present about the nucleus of an atom.  In these orbitals the electrons do not occupy randomly.  There are three rules for assigning the electrons to various shells, subshells, and orbitals.  They are,

• The subshells are filled in increasing order of energy.
• In a subshell, the electrons occupy the orbital singly first in all orbitals before pairing up by the second electron.  All the electrons that are in singly occupied orbitals have same spin.
• In a given orbital there cannot be more than two electrons and they have opposite spins.

Electronic configuration of an element is the one that gives information about how many electrons are present in each electron subshell of an atom.  The electrons are added to the subshells in increasing order of energy.  Electronic configurations are written in shorthand notation which uses a number‑letter combination.  The shell is indicated by the number and subshell is indicated by the letter.  Superscript that follows the subshell tells how many electrons are present in the subshell.

The order of filling up the electrons in the subshell is done as shown in the given figure below.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element has to be identified from the total number of electrons present that has electronic configuration as $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^2$.

Concept Introduction:

Electronic configuration of an atom describes how many electrons are present in the shell.  Many orbitals are present about the nucleus of an atom.  In these orbitals the electrons do not occupy randomly.  There are three rules for assigning the electrons to various shells, subshells, and orbitals.  They are,

• The subshells are filled in increasing order of energy.
• In a subshell, the electrons occupy the orbital singly first in all orbitals before pairing up by the second electron.  All the electrons that are in singly occupied orbitals have same spin.
• In a given orbital there cannot be more than two electrons and they have opposite spins.

Electronic configuration of an element is the one that gives information about how many electrons are present in each electron subshell of an atom.  The electrons are added to the subshells in increasing order of energy.  Electronic configurations are written in shorthand notation which uses a number‑letter combination.  The shell is indicated by the number and subshell is indicated by the letter.  Superscript that follows the subshell tells how many electrons are present in the subshell.

The order of filling up the electrons in the subshell is done as shown in the given figure below.